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what is the sarcomere?
smallest functional unit of the skeletal muscle
The myofibril is broken up into what type of repeating sigments?
sarcomere segments
name the 5 types of regions in the sarcomere
I-band
A-band
H-zone
M-line
Z-disc
What is the I-Band
It the region with ONLY actin filaments
What is the A-band?
region of where ACTIN and MYSIN overlap
What is the H-zone?
Region of ONLY Myosin filaments found in A-band
What is the M-line?
center of the A-band where bridges between tick filament occur
what is the Z-disc
Sarcomere begins/ends
How many steps are in the SFT (sliding filament theory?)
4 steps total
SFT: what is step 1?
Calcuim ions cause tropomyosin to move exposing actin molecule
..SFT: step 2;
Allow myosin head to form a cross bridge; needs ATP
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
When its at rest what is the myosin head attached to ATP turning it to what else?
ADP and Inorganic phosphate
When Calcium ions arrive the myosin head releases ___(A)___ and ___(B)___ and binds with the actin site.
A: ADP
B: phosphates
The energy released from the ATP cause myosin head to flex; what does that mean for the muscle?
The muscle contracts
What is step 3 for SFT?
New molecule of ATP binds with Myosin head; the head releases the actin.
Step 4 of SFT:
Calcium ions is pumped back to the SR; muscles relax
Why is ATP important?
It is needed for muscle contraction
Where does the ATP come from?
Breakdown of glucose in presence of oxygen
What happens there is not enough O2 (oxygen) for glucose?
There will be a build up of Lactic acid in the body
What cause lactic acid to muscles?
it makes them sore
EDPUZZLE SECTION
suffer.
What are two important protein of the muscle that are involved in the contraction AND relaxation of the Muscles?
A. Glucose + ATP
B. Actin + Myosin
C. Catalese + Pepsin
D. Clycine and Tryspin
B: Actin + Myosin
What best describes smooth muscle tissue?
A. Voluntary, not striated
B. Involuntary, striated
C. Involuntary, not striated
D. Voluntary, striated
C. Involuntary, not striated
The Cardiac Muscle Tissue is described as:
A. Branching
B. Involuntary
C. Striated
D. All of the Above
E. B and C only
D. All of the Above
The Skeletal muscle is described as:
A. Voluntary, attached to bones, striated
B. Voluntary, attached to bones, NOT striated
C. Involuntary, attached to bones, striated
A. Voluntary, attached to bones, striated
Name part of the skeletal muscle, smallest to largest (1-6).
Myofilament
Sarcomere
Myofibril
Muscle Fiber
Fascicle
Muscle
Sarcomere is made up of;
Actin + Myosin filaments
ToF: When the muscle is the rest; the actin and myosin are touching
False
Relating to actin filaments; Tropomyosin and Troponin act like what?
They act like body guards
Name the protein(s) that control muscle contraction.
Troponin
tropomyosin
Calcium:
A. Is essential for muscle contraction
B. binds to regulatory protein Troponin on the thin actin filament
C. Is stored in a muscle fiber’s sarcoplasm reticulum where it can be quickly
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
What do motor neurons release?
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
Where is the sarcolemma found?
Extends deep into the muscle fiber via T-Tubules
Myosin first gets a chance to bind with the exposed act when __(A)__ binds with the troponin, and then it pulls the Tropomyosin away from the ___(B)___ on the actin.
A: Calcium
B: binding site
ATP an important role in the movement of the myosin.
When Myosin binds to a new ATP molecule, what’s the first things it does with that ATP molecule
It breaks the ATP to ADP, phosphate and energy, and it holds onto it TEMPORARILY