can serve as RNA therefore can be translated into proteins
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what are the shapes that a capsid can be
either geometric (icosohedral) or non-geometric (pleomorphic)
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pleomorphic meaning
no defined shape
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icosahedral meaning
defined geometric shape
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do viruses have to have envelopes
no, they can either have one or not have one
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what are envelopes made of
lipids
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what is the capsid made of
proteins
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what does it mean by viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
what have narrowly defined conditions they can exist in and have to reproduce in a cell
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what is H1N1
the seasonal flu
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what is HIV
human immunodeficiency
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herpes virus
contagious sores around mouth or genitals
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what is a virus
the general term for the acellular form of a virus found inside or outside of a host cell
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what is a virion
the complete infective form of the virus, it refers to the the extracellular state of the virus
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what does extracellular state mean
before the virus invades the host cell
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can a virion be enveloped or naked
yes, naked just depends on the specific virus
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viruses infect _______ forms of life
all
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can viruses infect other viruses
yes
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what is a viriophage
it attacks other viruses
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what is a satellite virus
it incorporates other viruses causing a co-infection of a host
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what is a taxonomic name for a family of viruses
viridae
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example of the family name for retrovirus
retroviridae
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what is the genus name for smallpox
orthopoxvirus genus
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what is the family name for the smallpox virus
poxviridae
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most viruses are _________ than bacteria
smaller
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what are the smallest microbes
viruses
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what is required to se a virus
an electron microscope
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what is the rhinovirus
common cold virus
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what does the rhinovirus affect
the upper respiratory tract, nasal epithelium, and nasal mucosa
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what do all viruses do
induce acute inflammation
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family name for polio virus
picornaviridae family
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types of polio
polia A, B, and C
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what type of virus is the polio virus
small, naked, RNA virus
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symptoms of polio virus
inflammation of skin, blood vessels, nerves and can cause meningitus and paralysis
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what can the polio vaccine provide
life-long protection
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what type of virus is HIV
enveloped RNA virus
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what type of RNA is in HIV
two copies of plus sensed mRNA
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HIV is able to reverse transcript it mRNA which means
it can convert its ssRNA into dsDNA that will help the virus integrate itself into the human host DNA of T-cells
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what does HIV produce
a provirus
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what is a provirus
a virus genome that never exits from the host genome
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what type of virus is the rhabdoviridae family
rabies viruses
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what type of virus is the rabies virus
enveloped RNA virus
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what shape does the rabies virus have
a bullet shaped morphology
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what symptoms does the rabies virus have
deadly, and acute encephalitis (brain inflammation) and if reaches the CNS, symptomatic rabies
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how can someone protect themselves from rabies
a vaccine
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types of influenza
H1N1 and H5N1
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what family is the influenza virus a part of
orthomyxoviridae family
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what are the influenza virus species
Types A and B (also C and D but these don’t affect humans)
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which types of influenza are type A
H1N1, H5N1, and H3N2 strains
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what type of influenza is the bird flu
H5N1
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what type of virus is influenza
enveloped RNA virus
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influenza is a segmented genome which means
their are 8 pieces of ssRNA with each being different because the originate from different host cells
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why is their a new influenza vaccine every year
because every year theres a change in the strain which means the vaccine has to change to accomadate
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what is the shape of the inluenza virus
pleomorphic capside shape
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what is a pleomorphic capsid shape
no defined morphology
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symptoms of seasonal influenza
upper and lower respiratory tract infection, headaches, muscle aches, fever
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what type of virus is togaviridae
an RNA virus
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what type of virus is picornaviridae
an RNA virus
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what family is the rubella virus a part of
the togaviridae family
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what is the rubella virus
measles and mumps
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what type of virus is flaviviridae
an RNA virus
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types of flaviviridae viruses
west nile, zika, yellow fever, and dengue fever
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how are most flaviviridae viruses born
through mosquitos
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what type of virus is retroviridae
an RNA virus
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name some segative sensed RNA viruses
filoviridae, ebola, and marburg
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what does ebola cause
hemorrhagic fever viruses
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how many species of ebola are there
5, but only 4 are deadly to humans
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what does marburg cause
viral hemorrhagic fever
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what type of virus is areanaviridae
an RNA virus
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what does arenaviridae cause
viral meningitis
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what type of virus is reoviridae
an RNA virus
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what type of viruses are caused by reoviridae
rotaviruses
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what is the reoviridae made of
dsRNA (very rare) and segmented genome
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what are the symptoms of reoviridae
GI and upper respiratory infections especially in children and can cause diarrheal disease amoung infants and young children
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what type of virus is the adenoviridae family
a DNA virus
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what symptoms does the adenoviridae cause
gland infections, some enteric diseases, and a few systemic diaease in compromised individuals
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why are dsDNA viruses more complicated
because the genome is permanent
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what type of virus is the herpesviridae family
a DNA virus
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the viruses in the herpesviridae family are all able to cause what type of infections
a latent infection that causes the infection called herpes simplexes
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what family is chickenpox/shingles a part of
the herpesviridae family
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how is chickenpox/shingles spread
airborne
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what symptoms does chickpox/shingles cause
acute skin inflammation
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why is chickenpox/shingles dangerous
because it reisides in peripheral neurons (hidden in our own cells) and becomes dormant when hidden
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scientific names of the chickenpox/shingles virus
varicella-zoster (chickenpox) or herpes-zoster
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what type of virus is the poxviridae family
a DNA virus
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types of viruses under the poxviridae family
smallpox, monkey pox, and cowpox
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what is viral replication
the way viruses replicates itself by infecting a host cell
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how does a virus replicate itself
it get absobed by the host cell, then penetrates the host cell to get to its ore, then starts to produce the pieces of the virus, then the virus matures and is built, then its released
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steps of viral replication
absoption
penetration
synthesis (biosynthesis)
maturation (assembly
release
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what two ways can a virus be released from a host cell
through lysis or budding
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what type of viruses are released through lysis
non-enveloped viruses
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what type of ciruses are released through budding
enveloped viruses
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bacteriophage replication can be done in what two ways
lytic or lysogenic
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how do bacteriphages replicate through lytic
the bacteriphage injects DNA into the bacterial cell and replicates, forming new virus particles and then released
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how do bacteriphages replicate through lysogenic
they inject the cell with DNA, the DNA then integrates into the host DNA, then the cell becomes temperate or prophage, then the cell replicates eventually entering the lytic cycle, and then cells are released
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