8.1-3 terms

Big 3 conferences

Tehran:Iran discussed that USSR would work on freeing Eastern Europe and Brit/france would focus on Western Europe+ USSR would get part of Poland that would be offset from land Poland was getting from

Yalta:Blacks sea germany near defeat+ how to defeat japan FDR wanted free democracy in Eastern Europe +russia to join against japan, Russia agreed as long as they got ports in china , railroad I Manchuria and some of japans colonies and

Potsdam:In Germany FDR replaced by Henry Truman Churchilll replaced by Clement but USSR still had stalin major cause for the Cold War between two superpowers because USSR took parts of Eastern Europe and refused a free democracy set the stage for the next 4 decades between USSR and US

The 2 superpowers

US and USSR

Atomic/ Hydrogen bombs

Early 1950 us and ussr both invented hydrogen bombs more deadly than atomic bombs in WW2

Military industrial complex

Warned by Dwight Eisenhower about informal alliance between government and arms industries

Cold war

a conflict that does not involve direct military confrontation between 2 or more rival states

Self determination

People of the same ethnicity, language culture or political ideas have the right to establish a free nation state

United nations

Replaced League of Nations international organization that was designed to keep peace

Decolonization

former colonies in Asia Africa gained independence after WW2 and led to competition between superpowers to influence these new nations

Ideological conflicts

Capitalism communism and democracy vs Dictatorship

Capitalism vs communism

capitalism allowed for private property free markets where as communism had property owned by the state and economy was heavily planned by state

Democracy vs Dictatorship

Democracy:free elections and other freedoms Dictatorship: only has one party and limited freedoms

Iron curtain

Churchhill terms for the division between the east and Western Europe

Satelite countries

Smaller states that rely heavily on larger states either economically or politically

Containment

Strategy for us to stop the spread of communism

Truman doctorine

Strong statement that US would do what they had to do to stop the spread of communism especially Greece and turkey

Marshall Plan

US gave economic aid 12 billion dollars to rebuild europes economy to resist communism

COMECON(Council for Marshall economic assistance )

USSRs combat to the Marshall plan primarily trade and conflict to 6 countries who turned down the Marshall plan had little effect compared to Marshall plan

Arms Race

competition for weapon superiority led to MAD

Space race

Another competition between the superpowers who can put the first satelit into orbit and man on the moon

MAD

Mutually assured destruction both had weapons powerful enough to destroy each other deterredf them form going to war

Brinkmanship

Pushing dangerous situations to the edge of a war to try and intimidate the opponent

ICBMS

Intercontinental ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear blast from long distances

Non alighted movement

Smaller colonized or previously colonized nations that wanted a solution without US or USSR involvement

Proxy wars

Superpowers supports sides withought fighting directly

Korean war

US occupied North Korea and US occupied south North Korea invaded South Korea in attempts to reunite the country under its leader ship The UN voted to defend South Korea military USSR could have vetoed but was boycotting

Vietnam war

In hopes of containment US sent military advisers to south Vietnam to combat communism in North vietnam. US citizens believed this to be importante as they felt they could not lose confrontation in Vietnam without losing prestige. A Buddhist monk inspired protest and overthrew dilem with the help of US military coup. Because of domino theory this was important in fear of USSR and China making all Southeast Asia communist.

Angola

Similar to Vietnam had to fight a war to end their colonial status but had great ethnic distinction ethnic division due to the Berlin conference, European powers dividing the continent as they all felt they fought and deserved diamond mines USSr backed the MBUNDU South Africa backed the OVIMBUNDU and US BAnkongo

Contra war

Nicaragua conflict between Sandistas and contras us backed contras in return for convert support war was deadly and ended with the demobilization of contra and Sandista armies

Berlin Airlift

Because of the Berlin Blockade allies were forced to fly supplies into western zones

Berlin Walll

Because of the prosperity of the democratic lifestyle in west germany east germany peoples wanted to move there as this became apparent USSR and east G desperate to keep them in east Germany so set up perimeter in East and west germany of barbed wire with soldiers at rolling area and eventually replaced fences with the wall

NATO

North ATlantic Treaty organization wanted to organize defences in case of conflict with the soviets mutual support and alliance against conflicts and wars gained many allies as many wanted #1 power on their side

Warsaw Pact

Responce to NATO by USSR created a communist bloc

SEATO

Another treaty organization to stop spread of communism Souatheast Asia treaty organization created in 1954

CENTO

Anti soviet treaty organization to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East US not a full member but joined the military comitee

Domino Theory

Idea that if one country in the region became communist others would follow

Bay of pigs Invasion

In response to bay of pigs crisis JFK with his concerns of communism only 90 miles form florida gave his support to a group of Cuban exiles to invade cuba and overthrow castro this was a total failure and solidified the USSR and Cuban alliance.

Cuban Missle crisis

In response to bay of pigs USSR sent nuclear missles to cuba Nikita though this was justified as US had done this with turkey and they shared border with soviets