Med Term Ch. 2 Quiz

ankyl/o

ankyl/o

crooked; bent; stiff; fused together

arthr/o

joint

brachi/o

arm

burs/o

bursa (sac of fluid near a joint)

cervic/o

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

chir/o

hand

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

lumb/o

lumbar region; loin

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

narc/o

numbness; sleep; stupor

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

ped/o

foot; child

pod/o

foot

pyret/o

fever

rheumat/o

watery flow

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

spondyl/o

vertebra, backbone

ster/o

solid structure; steroid

synovi/o

lubricating fluid of joints

tars/o

ankle

ten/o, tendin/o, tendon/o

tendon

meta-

change; beyond

non-

not

syn-

together; with

-ation

process; condition

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-desis

to bind; tie together

-malacia

softening

-penia

deficiency

-porosis

abnormal condition of small holes

-scope

instrument used to view

Axial skeleton

consists of the bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body. Consists of skull, facial bones, sternum (breastbone), ribs, and vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton

Contains the bones in the appendages of the body, as well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton. Contains the shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, hand bones, pelvic girdle, leg, ankle, and foot bones.

Bone processes

areas on bone that extend outward and serve as attachment zones for muscles and tendons

Cortical bone

Also called compact bone, is very dense, hard, and strong. Lies under the periosteum, or the outer membrane of a bone, and mainly around the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones.

Cancellous bone

Also called trabecular bone, is much more porous and much less dense than compact bone (spongy bone)

Flat bones

protect vital organs and provide a broad surface area for muscle attachment. Includes cranium (bones of the head), facial bones, scapulae (shoulder blades), and sternum (breastbone)

Sesamoid bones

Resemble large sesame seeds, embedded within tendons. They facilitate joint movement and are found in the patella (kneecap), and in the hands, wrists, and feet.

Irregular bones

Unusual or complex shape, and therefore, cannot be categorized as long, short, or flat. They provide both support and protection yet allow flexible movement.