DNA Replication

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Unit 9 DNA Replication

20 Terms

1
DNA Packaging
The process of folding DNA into compact structures to fit within a microscopic cell.
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2
Replication
The process of copying DNA to create more DNA.
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3
Chromatin
DNA wrapped around proteins, making it more compact.
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4
Histones
Proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form nucleosomes.
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5
Nucleosome
A unit of DNA consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone.
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6
Helicase
An enzyme that separates two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds.
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7
Primase
An enzyme that lays down RNA primers to guide DNA polymerase.
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8
Polymerase
An enzyme that builds new DNA strands by attaching nucleotides to the parent strand.
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9
Ligase
An enzyme that binds sections of nucleotides together.
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10
Okazaki Fragments
Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand.
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11
Leading Strand
The parent strand that runs in a 3' to 5' direction, allowing continuous synthesis.
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12
Lagging Strand
The parent strand that runs in a 5' to 3' direction, synthesized discontinuously.
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13
DNA Directionality
Refers to the orientation of the DNA strands, which are anti-parallel.
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14
5' to 3' Strand
The direction in which DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA.
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15
3' to 5' Strand
The direction in which the leading strand is oriented.
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16
Single Strand Binding Proteins
Proteins that prevent DNA strands from re-annealing during replication.
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17
Semi-conservative Replication
The replication process that results in two copies of DNA, each with one parent and one new strand.
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18
Complementary Strands
Strands of DNA that are opposite in sequence to one another.
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19
Hydrogen Bonds
Weak bonds between bases that hold the two strands of DNA together.
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20
RNA Primers
Short sequences of RNA that initiate DNA synthesis.
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