lipogenesis

adipose

Cattle, Sheep, and Pigs → Major site of fat synthesis is ___ tissue

liver

Birds (Poultry) → Major site of fat synthesis is the ___.

triglycerides

Extracting fatty acids from circulating ____ (via lipoprotein lipase).

De novo

____ synthesis of fatty acids using glucose as a precursor.

chylomicrons

Dietary fat contributes fatty acids through _____ (in monogastrics)

breaks

Located on capillary walls, LPL ____ down circulating triglycerides so fatty acids can be absorbed by adipose tissue.

limiting

Rate-___ enzyme in the uptake of fatty acids from the blood.

dietary

Monogastric animals (e.g., pigs) → Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue closely reflects ___ fat.

softer

Feeding highly unsaturated fats results in ___ body fat with lower melting points.

directly

Non-Ruminants (e.g., pigs) → Dietary fat is ___ absorbed and influences body fat composition.

Ruminants

____ (e.g., cattle, sheep) → Dietary fat is modified by rumen microbes through biohydrogenation before absorption, reducing the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on body fat.

Glucose

Non-Ruminants → ____ is the primary substrate for fatty acid synthesis

Acetate

Ruminants → ___ (a volatile fatty acid from rumen fermentation) is the primary substrate.

short

Other
____-chain fatty acids (propionate, butyrate) contribute to a lesser extent.

limited

Ruminants have ____ glucose availability because microbial fermentation converts most dietary carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) rather than glucose.

spared

Glucose is ___ for vital tissues like the brain, red blood cells, and mammary glands

activity

Non-Ruminants have higher ___ of lipogenic enzymes, allowing them to synthesize fatty acids from glucose.

lack

Ruminants ___ key enzymes (e.g., glucokinase, citrate cleavage enzyme, malic enzyme) in the liver and adipose tissue, making acetate the dominant lipogenic substrate.

Young

___ ruminants (pre-rumen development) can synthesize fat from glucose, but this ability diminishes as the rumen matures.

directly

In pigs and poultry, dietary fat composition ___ influences carcass fat quality.

saturated

In cattle and sheep, fat composition is less affected by diet due to microbial biohydrogenation, making carcass fat more ______.

less

Feeding high-fat diets to ruminants is ___ effective in altering body fat composition compared to non-ruminants.

rumen

In young ruminants, glucose can still be used for fat synthesis before full ___ development.