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What is a chemical reaction?
a chemical change which results in one or more new substances being formed.
What is the rate of a reaction?
the speed at which a reaction takes place
definition of reactants
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
Definition of products
the ending substances in a chemical reaction
Indicators of a chemical reaction?
colour change, a solid being produced, temperature change, a gas being produced
In order for a chemical reaction to occur ________________
particles must collide
In order to be successful particles must collide with:
enough energy, correct orientation
Factors affecting the rate of a reaction
temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts
The rate of reaction increases when the temperature of a reactant is?
increased
How does increasing the temperature increase the rate of reaction?
the particles move quicker, so they collide more. Plus, they will have more energy which means that more collisions will be successful
The rate of reaction increases when the concentration of a reactant is?
increased
How does increasing the concentration increase the rate of reaction?
there are more particles meaning more frequent collisions
The rate of reaction increases when the particle size of a reactant is?
decreased
The rate of reaction increases when the surface area of a reactant is?
increased
How does increasing the surface area increase the rate of reaction?
particles have more area to collide with means more frequent collisions
What is a catalyst?
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
How does using a catalyst increase the rate of reaction?
decrease the amount of activation energy needed by providing an alternative reaction pathway
to be able to measure the rate of reaction we need to be able to?
follow the progress of chemical reactions
The rate can be determined by measuring:
changes in the concentration of the reactants or products
changes in the mass of the reactants or products
changes in the volume of the reactants or products
On a graph showing the rate of reaction, what does it mean if the line is steeper?
the steeper the line, the faster the rate of reaction
Why are reactant rates usually fastest at the start?
because that is when the concentration of reactants is at its highest, so there are more particles available that collide into each other, meaning more collisions happen.
Graphs can then be drawn and be Interpreted in terms of:
end-point of a reaction, quantity of product, quantity of reactant used, effect of changing conditions.
What is the equation used to calculate the average rate?
change in quantity/change in time
Unit used for change in mass
g s-1
Unit used for change in volume
cm3 s-1