Unit 7 Matter Concepts 1 & 2

Matter

anything that takes up space and has mass

Substance

all particles in matter are identical (fixed composition)

Mixture

two or more substances physically combined (variable composition)

Element

simplest form of matter from which more complex substances are made (listed on the periodic table)

Compound

two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed proportion

Homogeneous Mixture

components are evenly distributed out on a microscopic level

Heterogeneous Mixture

substances in the mixture are not evenly spread out

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

a compound is when the two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed proportion while a mixture is when the substances are physically combined

draw a flow chart to represent how matter can be classified

Classify each example below as the type of matter it is (element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture)

table salt - compound

milk - heterogeneous mixture

oxygen - element

lemonade - homogeneous mixture

water - compound

carbon dioxide - compound

vegetable soup - heterogeneous mixture

peanut butter - heterogeneous mixture

melting point

temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Boiling Point

temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

Viscosity

a fluid’s resistance to flow

Solubility

a measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent

Solute

what is being dissolved (ex. lemonade power)

Solvent

what is doing the dissolving (ex. water)

Solution

the result (ex. lemonade)

density

measure of compactness or consistency of a material

combustibility

how easily a substance will set on fire

ex. burning charcoal

reactivity

how easily a substance reacts, usually with an acid or base

oxidation

how easily a substance reacts with oxygen

chemical reaction

process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances

law of conservation of matter

matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical change. It only changes forms.

Physical properties

properties that can be observed directly or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance

ex. mass, volume, shape, size, color, luster, hardness, etc.

Chemical properties

properties that can only be observed or measured by changing the chemical identity of a substance

ex. toxicity, flammability, combustibility, radioactivity, etc.

Explain the difference between physical and chemical changes

chemical changes the identity of the substance, physical do not

List evidence that a chemical change, and thus a chemical reaction has occurred

release of light, temperature change, odor change, sudden color change, gas given off