chemistry unit 4: naming organic compounds and isomers

what is the suffix for nitriles and what is the functional group?

normal organic compound and then add on nitrile
- contains a c tripled bonded to a n

what is the suffix for amine and what is the functional group

- NH3 with 1 or more H replaced by a c group
- if 2 or 3 H's are replaced by c chains then instead of the number, it is an N
for example: N,N-dimethylmethanamine
suffix: remove the e and add amine

when is cyclo alkyl a prefix

- when there is a longer carbon chain with the ring attached

suffix of ester and its functional group

suffix: oate
carbon has a double bond to o and a single bond to o which is bonded to another carbon chain
FOR EXAMPLE:
when theres a 2 carbons attached to the double bond o and 3 carbons attached to the single o then it is ethyl propanoate

suffix of amide and its functional group

- a carbon double bonded to c and single bond to n
- suffix: remove the end e of methane and add amide

for polyfunctional compounds what is the hierarchy of the functional groups and its prefix

- carboxylic acid
- ester
-amide
- nitrile
- aldehyde (oxo)
-ketone (oxo)
- alcohol (hydroxy)
- amine (amino)

NOTE: the more important than the suffix of that functional group is used

what are the sub groups of structural isomers

- branching
- position
- functional group

what are structural isomers

- the molecular formulas are the same but different arrangement of atoms

branching

- molecular formula is the same but degree of branching is different

position

- molecular formula is the same but the position of the functional group may be on different carbons

functional groups

- molecular formula is the same but the functional group is different

what are stereoisomers

- atoms joined in same order but differ in the orientation of the atom around the double bond

what is trans configuration/ what is cis

- atoms are on opposite side of double bond
- atoms are on same side