1.08 - intracellular signaling and the central dogma

what are the types of RTKs?

describe the general steps of enzyme-coupled receptors signalling initation

describe the domains of an enzyme-coupled receptor

describe the intrinsic activity and dimeriziation of RTKs

what ligands bind to RTKs?

• insulin

• growth factors

• cytokines

what are the steps of RTK activation?

what are the 3 signalling cascades initiated by RTKs?

• phospholipase C

• Ras cascade

• PI-3-Kinase → Akt system

describe the Phospholipase C cascade

same as Gq

describe the steps of the Ras cascade

what are the second messengers of the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway? what arethe ligands?

what are the steps of PI3K → Akt system?

what is the second messenger of PI3K → Akt system?

what are the 3 typpes of effect intracellular signaling cascades can have on gene transcription?

compare transcription factors and co-activators/co-repressors

describe the generale pattern 1 of signal transduction (2nd messenger → kinase → gene regulation)

• how is it activated?

• how is it turned off?

what does cAMP do?

what does PKA do?

how does PKA affect transcription regulators?

how do CaM kinase and PKC affect transcription?

describe the PKC pathway

what does activated AKT do?

describe pattern 2 of intracellular signaling?

• no second messengers

what is Ras and what does it do?

once activated, what does MAPK do?

what is JAK? what does it do?

describe the JAK/STAT pathway

describe pattern 3 - targetting proteolysis

• what are the two general mechanims?

describe the Wnt pathway when Wnt is absent

describe the Wnt pathway when Wnt is present

describe the NFkB pathway

what receptors to small, hydrophobic ligands bind to?

• what kinds of ligands are these?

what is the second role of intracellular receptors?

describe pattern 4 of intracellular signaling with intracellular receptors

how does a steroid hormone enter the cell? what does it do when it reaches its receptor?

what are the downstream effects of steroid hormone binding to receptor?

where is the receptor for thyroid hormone? what happens to the receptor after thyroid hormone binds?

compare positively and negatively regulated gene transcription by thyroid hormone

how does miRNA affect gene expression?

how does lncRNA affect gene expression?