Periodic Table - Unit 2

Periodic Law

Periodic Law

elements, when listed in order of their increasing atomic numbers (originally, atomic weights), fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals

Arrangement of Modern Periodic Table

increasing order of the atomic number

Henry Moseley

Physicist; Created the arrangement of the modern periodic table

of natural elements

90 natural elements; rest are man made

Dmiitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist called the father of the periodic table; arranged the elements according to the increasing atomic mass/weight and created the Periodic Law

Periods

name of horizontal rows on periodic table (7)

Families/Groups

Vertical columns on a periodic table (18)

S-Block elements

Groups 1 and 2

P-block elements

Groups 13-18

Main group/representative elements

p-block and s-block elements

d-block elements

groups 3-12

Transition metals

d-block elements

inner transition metals

f-block elements

Alkali metals

group 1

Alkaline Earth metals

group 2

Boron family

group 13

Carbon family

Group 14

Nitrogen family

Group 15

Chalcogens

Group 16

Halogens

Group 17

Noble gases

Group 18

Elements in same family/group

Similar chemical and physical properties; elements will behave similarly

Metals

All elements left to the staircase (B, Sl, As, Te, At, Uuo); ductile, usually solid (can be liquid), good conductors for heat and electricity, shiny (luster), and malleable

Metalloids (semimetals)

All elements composing the staircase (B, Sl, As, Te, At, and Sb and Ge); Tend to be solids, metallic luster (appear like metals), brittle/fragile, can conduct energy (not as well as metals), chemically more similar to nonmetals than metals

Nitrogen

Makes up 78% of the air

Oxygen

Must abundant element in the earth's crust

Electron

subatomic particle that determines the properties of an element

Nonmetals

Nonmalleable, not ductile, appear in all states of matter, bad conductors of electricity and heat, also are not shiny; right of staircase (also includes hydrogen)

Moseley's Law

systemic relation between wavelength and atomic number