National Identity

What is neocolonialism cultural effect in Africa?

Internalized sense of inferiority among elites and workers

What is Pan-Africanism in cinema?

The movement uniting African filmmakers across languages and nations

What is the realist genre in African third cinema?

Tradition vs modernity

What is the return to source genre?

Myths and folklore, no European influences 

What is colonial confrontation?

The focus on colonial history

What was the Laval Decree?

A French law requiring authorization for films, enforced censorship

How did france maintain control of colonial cinema?

French dubbing, restricted film imports, and cine-clubs as ideological tools

What were early third cinema’s main flaws?

Romanticized rural life, demonized cities, justified violence, and lack of self-critique

How did Yeelen represent both phases of third cinema?

By bridging remembrance and combative modes; promoted a flexible Pan-Mali identity

How does Stuart Hall define cultural identity? 

Identity is fluid and evolving; a process, not a fixed essence 

What is early third cinema?

Static and pure

What is late third cinema?

Hybrid and fluid

What is the griot’s role in African culture?

A storyteller who retells and renews collective memory to shape identity 

How does folklore function in national identity?

As a living, interpretive tradition connecting past and present