Drugs and Dissection- Terminology

pharmacology

study of the nature, uses, and effect of drugs

prescription

a medication that may be purchased by prescription or from a licensed professional

over the counter drug

medication that may be purchased without a prescription

generic drug

medication not protected by a brand name or trademark

agonist

substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor

antagonist

substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor

antiserum

serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal, or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms containing antigen.

antitoxin

specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antibodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal

bacterin

bacterial vaccine

chelated

bound to and precipitated out of solution

contraindication

recommendation not to use

diffusion

movement of solutes from an area high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles

dosage

amount of medication based on units per weight of animal

dosage interval

time between administrations of a drug

dose

amount of medication measured

drug

agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease

efficacy

extent to which a drug causes the intended effects

endogenous

originating within the body

exogenous

originating outside the body

hydrophilic

water loving, ionized form

hyperkalemia

excessive level of blood potassium

hypernatremia

excessive level of blood sodium

hypertonic solution

solution that has more particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared

hypokalemia

deficiency of blood potassium

hypotremia

deficiency of blood sodium

hypotonic solution

solution that has fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared

hypovolemia

low circulating blood volume

ionized

electrically charged

isotonic solution

solution that has equal particles to the solution or cell to which it is being compared

lipophilic

fat loving, nonionized form

monovalent

vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism

nonionied

not charges electrically

osmosis

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient

pharmacodynamics

physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action

pharmacogenomics

study of the impact of genetic variation on drug effects with hopes of achieving “personalized medicine”

pharmacokietics

movements of drugs or chemicals

placebo

inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control in an experimental setting

polyvalent

vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens, or organisms

prevention

avoidance

regimen

course of treatment

turgor

degree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content

vaccine

product containing a disease causing organism or antigen administered to stimulate the production of antibodies to fight infection

inhalation

vapors and gases taken in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs

intra-arterial

within the artery

intradermal

within the skin

intramuscular

within the muscle

intraocular

within the eye

intraosseous

within the bone

intraperitoneal

within the peritoneal cavity

intrathecal

within a sheath, injection of a substance through the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space

intratracheal

within the trachea, or windpipe

intravenous

within the vein

nebulization

process of making a fine mist, a method of drug adminstration

nonparenteral

administration via the gastrointestinal tract

oral

by mouth

parenteral

through routes other than the gastrointestinal tract

percutaneous

through the skin

rectal

by rectum

subcutaneous

under the skin, or dermal layer

sublingual

under the tongue

transdermal

across the skin

analgesic

substance that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

anesthetic

substance that produces a lack of sensaton

antacid

substance that neutralizes stomach acid

anthelmintic

substance that works against intestinal worms

antibotic

substance that inhibits the growth of or kills bacteria

bacteriostatic

controlling bacterial growth

bactericidal

means killing bacteria

anticoagulant

substance that inhibits clot formation

anticonvulsant

substance that prevents seizures

antidirrheal

substance that prevents water, frequent bowel movements

antiemetic

substance that prevents vomiting

antineoplastic agent

substance that treats neoplasms

antipruritic agents

substance that controls itching

antipyretic

substance that reduces fever

antiseptic

chemical agent that kills or prevents growth of microorganisms on living tissue

antitussive

substance that reduces coughing

aspesis

state without infection

chronotrope

substance that changes heart rate

cytotoxic agent

substance that kills or damages cells

disinfectant

chemical agent that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects

emetic

substance that induces vomiting

endectocide

agent that kills both internal and external parasites

immunosuppressant

substance that prevents or decrease the body reaction to invasion by disease or foreign material

inotrope

substance affecting muscle contraction

miotic agent

substance used to constrict pupils

mucolytic

substance that breaks up mucus and reduced its viscosity

mydriatic agent

substance used to dilate the pupils

sterilize

to destroy all organisms include bacterial endospores