Fundamentals of Nutrition

Exam 1

undernutrition and acute disease

main concerns regarding nutrition in 18th and 19th centuries

overnutrition and chronic disease

main concern regarding nutrition in 20th and 21st centuries

dual burden

term that refers to fighting poverty and undernutrition while not falling into traps of early industrialized nutrition trends of overnutrition, empty calories, and chronic disease

nutrition transition theory

theory that holds there are 5 patterns of nutrition over the course of civilization

hunter gatherers

the 1st pattern in the nutrition transition theory

settlement of agriculture

pattern 2 of nutrition transition theory where monocultures and famine develop

industrialization

pattern 3 of nutrition transition theory where famine decreases

emergence of ncd

our current era, pattern 4 of nutrition transition theory

desired behavioral change

pattern 5 of nutrition transition theory

causes of death caused by nutrition

heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic respiratory illness, alzheimers, diabetes, kidney disease, and chronic liver disease

modifiable risk factor

health risk factor including diet, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and exercise

non-modifiable risk factor

health risk factors including genetics and family history, ethnicity, sex, age, and environment which includes socioeconomic status

dietary reference intakes

6 reference values made by the national academy of medicine for setting nutritional recommendations

recommended daily allowance

average daily intake level sufficient to reach 95-98% of the population’s needs

tolerable upper intake level

maximum amount of a nutrient unlikely to cause harmful effects

acceptable macronutrient distribution range

energy macronutrient percentage range in allowance per day

estimated energy requirement

estimated level of calorie intake required to maintain an individual’s weight based on age, sex, current weight, and activity level

estimated average requirement

research value used to determine RDA

dietary guidelines for americans

most prominent tool to assist americans in making wise food choices, updated every 5 years

myplate

a visual companion tool to the DGA