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What is synaptic plasticity?
The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, modifying neural connections to support learning and memory formation.
How does synaptic plasticity lead to learning?
By modifying the strength of neural connections through long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD).
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
The strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated co-activation of neurons, increasing the efficiency of neural transmission.
What is long-term depression (LTD)?
The weakening of synaptic connections due to prolonged periods of low activity, decreasing neural transmission efficiency.
What is sprouting in neural modification?
The growth of new axon and dendrite fibers to strengthen synaptic connections.
What is rerouting in neural modification?
The formation of new neural connections to create alternative pathways for neural transmission.
What is pruning in neural modification?
The elimination of weaker synaptic connections to prioritize important neural networks.
What is stress?
A psychobiological process involving psychological and physical responses to stressors that challenge an individual's ability to cope.
Is all stress bad?
No! Some stress (eustress) is beneficial for motivation and performance.
What is eustress?
A positive psychological response to stress that is short-term and provides motivation and energy.
What is distress?
A negative psychological response to stress that may be short or long-term, leading to anxiety and tension.
What are internal stressors? And give examples.
Stress originating within the individual, often psychological or biological.
Examples:Comparing yourself to others, Striving for a perfect ATAR
What are external stressors? and give examples.
Stress originating outside the individual, such as social, cultural, or environmental factors.
Examples: Assignment deadlines, Conflict with friends
What is acute stress? Give an example.
Short-term, sudden stress that can be intense but helps deal with challenges.
Example: Preparing for an exam.
What is chronic stress? Give an example
Prolonged stress that is usually less intense but can be harmful to health over time.
Example: Long-term financial issues.
What nervous system controls the fight & flight response?
The sympathetic nervous system.
What is the purpose of the fight and flight response?
Purpose: Prepares the body for survival by increasing heart rate and energy.
What nervous system controls the freeze response?
The parasympathetic nervous system.
What is the purpose of the freeze response?
To prepare the body for action
What is cortisol?
A steroid hormone released by the adrenal cortex that helps the body manage stress.
What does cortisol do to the body?
Increases energy & alertness
Diverts energy from non-essential functions
Regulates blood sugar & blood pressure
How does chronic stress affect cortisol levels?
Prolonged stress keeps cortisol levels high, leading to negative health effects such as immune suppression and anxiety.
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