WH Unit 5

Isaac Newton

revolutionizing global understanding of the natural world through MATH and PHYSICS

Adam Smith

laying the intellectual foundations of modern capitalism and free-market policies in his 1776 work, The Wealth of Nations

Karl Marx

German philosopher and economist whose CRITIQUE of industrial CAPITALISM and advocacy for SOCIALISM

Voltaire

Championed individual freedom and attackers any oppresive policies

Popular Sovereignty

When rules are granted their power by their people

John Locke

developing the concept of natural rights—life, liberty, and property

American Revolution

Britain started increasing taxes on the American colonies after the French Indian War with the differsnt acts. Upsets the colonist

Thomas Paine

Wrote common sense pamphlet saying the Britain rule over the colonies was unfair. Supporting American Independence

French-Indian War

conflict in North America from 1754 to 1763 between Great Britain and France for control of land and trade. Britain won

Stamp Act

the first direct British tax on American colonists, requiring a purchased revenue stamp on all paper goods—LEGAL DOCUMENTS, newspapers, playing cards, and pamphlets

Sugar Act

a British law that raised sugar, molasses, and other imported goods in the American colonies

Tea Act

taxes on tea

Quartering Act

requiring American colonists to provide food, shelter, and supplies to British troops stationed in the colonies

French Revolution

Formed to overthrow the monarchy in the society of France for new political, social, and cultural structures

King Louis XVI

last King of France before the French Revolution, infamous for his indecisiveness, failure to address France's severe financial crisisbrilliant

Napolean

brilliant French military leader and emperor who rose from the French Revolution to conquer much of Europe,

Toussaint L’Ouverture

was the preeminent leader of the Haitian Revolution, transforming a slave rebellion into a successful movement that abolished slavery

Creoles

Born in New Spain of Spanish parents

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan military and political leader who secured independence from Spain for six modern nations

Conservatism

a belief in traditional institutions, not wanting change because the system is working for them

Mary Wollstonecraft

Published a Vindication of Rights of Women in which she argued for universal education

Liberalism

People who want to progressively change, wanting what’s best for society

abolitionist

a movement to end the Atlantic slave trade

Anti-semitism

Hatred to jews

Zionism

a movement for Jews to be able to live in their homeland, Palestine

Theodor Herzl

he lead the Zionism movement

The Dreyfus Affair (Alfred Dreyfus)

a Jewish artillery officer, was falsely convicted of treason for passing secrets to Germans (thought was a spy)

Otto von Bismarck

known as the "Iron Chancellor" for masterminding German unification under Prussian leadership through strategic wars