Nutrition Review

fat soluble vitamins

* A
* D
* E
* K

vitamin deficiency in alcoholics

niacin

vitamin that has mandatory fortification

folate

main function of B vitamins

coenzyme for energy metabolism

functions of electrolytes

* fluid balance
* muscle contracts, regulate pH

trace mineral used in dental health

fluoride

iodine

found in seafood, iodized salt

most common nutrient deficiency

iron

zinc

could in meat, cereals

sources of water

veggies, fruit, juice, and soda

children

water % in body is higher in _

1-3 days

how long we can live without water

functions of water

* temp regulation
* acid/base balance
* moistens food

water intoxication

high volumes of water/low sodium

processed foods

increases sodium and decreases potassium

vitamin D and calcium 

the vitamin and mineral that causes deficiency in each other 

function of vitamin K

blood clotting

toxicities often occur

by using supplementation/overconsuming

extracellular electrolytes

* sodium
* chloride
* calcium

urine and kidneys

how water soluble vitamins are excreted

sodium

mineral that is often over consumed

intracellular electrolytes

* potassium
* magnesium
* phosphate

small intestine

where vitamins are absorbed

antioxidant

selenium function 

Brazil nut

selenium food source

selenium deficiency

keshan disease: heart disease in China due to the soil lacking selenium

goiter

iodine deficiency

dietary supplements health and education

law that governs dietary supplements

cholesterol

what vitamin D is made of

bioavailability

rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used

500 mL

minimum amount of water loss to carry away waste

hypercalcemia

excess calcium

* kidney stones

calcium

most abundant mineral in body

zinc function

role in immune functioning and sources are protein rich food, milk, cheese, yogurt, shellfish, and meat

zinc food sources

* plants
* animals

zinc deficiency

impaired immune function

excess zinc

limits copper absorption

magnesium function

* bone health
* energy metabolism

chromium function

carb and lipid metabolism

chromium food sources

* unrefined foods
* liver
* brewers yeast

excessive sodium

* acute → edema
* chronic → hypertension

iron food sources

* proteins
* heme (bioavailability)

iron function

carries oxygen in blood

hemochromatosis

excess iron

transferrin

delivers iron in body

ferritin

storage in liver and bone (iron)

calcium function

bone growth

calcium food source

dairy

calcium deficiency

* bone loss w/ age
* osteopenia
* osteoporosis

potassium functions

help maintain normal levels of fluid in cells