Lecture: Lymphatic System: Part 4: Exam 4

_______________________ is different between 1st exposure and subsequent (2nd/3rd) exposures to an antigen

Antibody production

The first exposure of a B cell to an antigen (for which it is specific) initiates the __________________

primary response

Primary response: Cell division and differentiation will produce what?

Plasma and memory B cells

Primary response: Antibody production- Receptors on surface of B cells are ___________, have same variable region as antibodies later produced by plasma cells

Antibodies

Primary response: This response takes 3-14 days to produce sufficient antibodies to _________________, disease symptoms usually develop

disable antigen

Exposure to an antigen to which the immune system has already had a primary response triggers a ______________________

secondary response

Secondary response: _____________________ rapidly divide to produce plasma cells, which makes LOTS of antibodies

memory B cells

Secondary response is much __________; hours-days to start producing antibodies

quicker

Secondary response produces ________ antibodies

more

Which kind of antibody production response is quicker to rapidly destroy the antigen, so symptoms do not develop, and the person is considered immune?

Secondary

Secondary response: Produces more memory B cells to the antigen, which causes _________ to die after destruction of antigen & circulating antibodies are degraded, BUT some memory B cells live for years-lifetime

plasma cells

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Antibodies cannot cross __________________

plasma membrane

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Effective against _______________ microorganisms

cytoplasmic

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- This becomes activated when exposed to their specific antigen?

Cytotoxic T cells

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Antigen is presented by _____________________, which helps ID abnormal or infected cells, which then activation leads to proliferation

MHC class I molecules

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- When cytotoxic T cells make more of themselves, it later produces what?

Memory T cells

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Once Memory T cells are produced, it release chemicals such as _____________ that activate immune functions

cytokines

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Once chemicals like cytokines are released, it causes ______ of target cells via chemical signaling

lysis

Adaptive Immunity: Cell Mediated Immunity- Cause of lysis: Protein that is released by cytotoxic T cells and forms a channel in the plasma membrane of the target cell, which then water enters and destorys cell?

Perforin

This is not present at birth, must be acquired, what is this?

Adaptive immunity

Two types of way that immunity is acquired?

Active and passive immunity

Individual is exposed to antigen & individual’s immune system responds?

Active immunity

Another person or animal develops immunity, which is transferred to another individual?

Passive immunity

Occurs through everyday living; not intentional?

Natural

Deliberate introduction of antigen or antibody (aka immunization)?

Artifical

Exposure to an antigen can cause immune system to mount to an adaptive immune response + first response the individual is usually symptomatic?

Active natural

Active artificial: An antigen that is deliberately introduced via injection is called what?

Vaccine

Active artificial: Antigen is presented via injection, this process is called what?

Vaccination

Active artificial: Vaccine may include what?

Part of, dead, or live altered microorganism

Active artificial: Stimulates immune system to mount an adaptive immune response but does not cause ____________________________

disease symptoms

Antibodies are transferred from mother to child through placenta or breast milk?

Passive immunity

Passive Immunity: ____________________ active immunity has produced antibodies

Mother’s lifelong

Passive Immunity: Some can be transferred to baby, though only last through first few months post-birth, baby’s immune system must __________

take over

Passive artificial: Begins with vaccinating an ____________

animal

Passive artificial: Antibodies & sometimes cells are removed from animal & injected into human, this injection is called what?

Antiserum

What does antiserum contain?

Blood serum

Provides immediate, but temporary, protection for individual receiving injection?

Passive artificial

This type of immunity can last weeks-lifetime, individual makes their own memory cells, and preferred for longevity of immunity?

Active

This type of immunity is not long-lasting, person does not make their own memory cells, and preferred when immediate protection is desired?

Passive