ANT100 Exam 3 - Second Half

Performance

an expression of self, identity, or culture

Why can performance be an effective method of delivering messages to audiences?

It focuses on visual ways of expressing a self, idea, or culture

Cultural Performance

how cultures and communities use performance to do things such as:

• Expressing identity, entertain, pray for things (ritual), etc.

What is a ‘public self’ and how is it shaped by culture?

Our “public” selves are shaped by cultural expectations, norms, and values. (Our “ought” self)

• What we should be, should look like, and how we should act based on expectations and norms

How can agency be reclaimed through performance?

performance can help one express their own identity and self, showing that they are an independent individual

Budhan Theater

created performances to raise awareness about discrimination and violence that lower classes face in India

How can performance be emergent/transformative?

• Symbolic

• Staged performances lets participants experience something intensively

• Not only is expressive, but also creates something. Something new emerges with a meaning through the process of performance

• Through doing or saying something, we come to experience it as reality

How can performance be used for social justice?

Think of Budhan theater. Performances to call out injustices or to raise awareness for issues

Social Justice

A communal effort dedicated to creating and sustaining a fair and equal society in which each person and all groups are valued and affirmed.

OR

The basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation

Space Sexology

a new field that studies sex, intimacy, reproduction, and relationships in space

describe the technoscientific bias in how emotional needs and sexuality are treated (and ignored) by space science and space agencies and also who “belongs” in space

Space exploration is seen as a serious field of study, so sex and intimacy aren’t often considered. Space companies often ignore their astronauts physical/intimate needs because they want them to focus on whatever mission.

Regarding them deciding who “belongs” in space, typically white cis men are chosen to go into space. Not 100% sure how this relates how this relates to space intimacy, but anyways, it was very rare (little less uncommon recently) for women and poc to be chosen to go into space, showing discrimination towards race and biological sex in a space setting.

potential consequences of ignoring sex and intimacy’s place in space exploration/settlement

• decrease in motivation/mood

• frustration/changes in attitude

• needs not being satisfied

how views on sex and intimacy in space reflect and perpetuate other forms of marginalization, exclusion and structural violence

• sexual violence/assault against marginalized groups

• people of color and women excluded more often

• possible sexism, racism, homophobia in an enclosed location in space

Erotopolitics

politics regarding sexuality and intimacy

describe how erotopolitics impacts the space industry and even popular culture

raises awareness about sexuality and intimacy in space exploration and space media (books, movies, et

Identify the 6 types of nutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water

Two categories of nutrients

energy yielding and non-energy yielding

which nutrients are energy yielding?

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• fats/lipids

which nutrients are non-energy yielding?

• vitamins

• minerals

• water

direct evidence

reflects the actual physical/chemical ingestion/digestion of food

• dental microwear analysis

• biogeochemistry

indirect evidence

reflects a species level adaptation and not what an individual organism may have actually eaten

• Skeletal Morphology

• Tooth Morphology

Skeletal Morphology

the morphology of the craniofacial skeleton has been adapted to withstand stresses and strains associated with oral food processing

Tooth Morphology

Incisor size: proxy for amount of incisal preparation of food

• Large incisors: larger, tougher fruits

• Smaller front teeth: easier to prep, smaller leaves and berries

Element

a pure substance in which all its atoms have the same number of protons

Stable Isotope

isotopes that do not go under radioactive decay

Radioactive Isotope

Isotope that does go under radioactive (exponential) decay

Identify the isotopes of carbon and nitrogen that are used for reconstructing prehistoric diet

• identifying C4 in plants such as maize

• finding the trophic level of the diet, different food sources

the ultimate source of carbon in organic organisms the process that moves that carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere

didn’t understand what was being asked totally so here is a diagram of a carbon cycle!

Photosynthesis

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

• During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

Identify the two elements and their isotopes that used in dietary reconstruction

Carbon and Nitrogen

What do the carbon and nitrogen isotopes tell us about diet?

• Carbon: plants and stuff regarding food (fruits, vegetables, leaves, etc.)

• Nitrogen: can tell us about trophic levels or inclusion of marine resources

Trophic Level

the group of organisms within an ecosystem which occupy the same level in a food chain.

what plants use Hatch-Slack Photosynthesis pathway

plants that use this pathway are known as C4 plants, e.g., tropical grasses like maize

what plants use Calvin photosynthesis pathway

plants that use this pathway are known as C3 plants, e.g., temperate plants

what plants use CAM photosynthesis pathway

succulents

Megadontic

Abnormally large teeth

2 factors that influence the microwear features and what type of conclusions we can make about diet based on this type of data

occlusal mechanics

• pits form in teeth from hard foods (nuts, seeds)

• scratches form from tough foods (leaves, meat)

abrasives

• biogenic abrasives (aka endogenous grit; phytoliths/opals)

• pedogenic abrasives (aka exogenous grit, aka dirt; quarzitic particles)

Differentiate between biogenic and pedogenic abrasives

• Biogenic abrasives are formed through biological processes, such as the breakdown of organic matter, and contribute to soil structure and nutrient cycling.

• Pedogenic abrasives, on the other hand, are formed through geological processes, including weathering and erosion, and play a crucial role in soil formation and development

Identify and define the 5 questions that forensic anthropologists try to answer

• What: establishing the forensic context

• Where: where are they most commonly involved/the location

• When: the time

• Who: creation of the biological profile

• How: how it happened

Medicolegal

relating to both medicine and law

Taphonomy

the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms, from the biosphere to the lithosphere

Forensic Anthropology

the application of the science of physical anthropology to the legal process

how do forensic anthropologists create a biological profile and what is included in one

• Sex estimation

  • Metric Variation

  • Bla bla variation

  • Sexual Dimorphism

• Age estimation

  • Developmental

    • Good for juvenile material

  • Degenerative

    • Adult material

    • Broader categories

Define and differentiate between the 2 main methods that forensic anthropologists use to estimate sex from skeletal remains

Metric variation

• based on size differences between females and males

Morphological variation

• based on developmental differences between females and males

Sexual Dimorphism

morphological differences between males and females of the same species

Define and differentiate between the 2 main methods that forensic anthropologists use to estimate age from skeletal remains

Developmental

• Based on processes of skeletal and dental growth/development/maturation

• good for juvinile material

• greater accuracy

Degenerative

• Based on random processes associated with aging

• adult material

• not as accurate/increasing error

• broader categories

Difference between cause and matter of death

• Cause: mechanisms of death. Disease or injury responsible for initiating the sequence of events that culminated in death

  • physiological deaths - systemic/cellular

  • Toxicological deaths - exogenous agent

  • Morphological deaths - physical change

• Matter: fashion in which the cause of death comes into being

5 different types of matter (regarding death)

• Natural

• Accidental

• Suicide

• Homicide

• Undetermined

differentiate between accidental trauma and violence related trauma

• Accidental trauma is injuries/death that happened without any intent

• Violence related trauma has intent behind it whether its self-intent or the aggressors intent

antemortem

happened/occured before death

perimortem

happened/occured around the time of death

postmortem

happened/occured after death