Biology

What is Cell Theory?

Cell Theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Living organisms exhibit growth, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, response to stimuli, and cellular organization.

What are the levels of organization in biology?

The levels of organization are cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

What are the main cell organelles and their functions?

Key organelles include the nucleus (control center), mitochondria (energy production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), endoplasmic reticulum (transport), Golgi apparatus (packaging), and lysosomes (digestion).

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and are simpler in structure.

What are the differences between plant cells and animal cells?

Plant cells have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells have lysosomes and smaller vacuoles.

Why is the surface area of a cell important and what are its limitations?

The surface area is important for the exchange of materials; limitations arise when a cell becomes too large, reducing the efficiency of transport.

What are specialized cells?

Specialized cells have unique structures and functions tailored for specific tasks, such as nerve cells for signaling and red blood cells for oxygen transport.

What are stem cells and their applications?

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various cell types; they have applications in regenerative medicine and therapy for various diseases.

What is the structure and function of a microscope?

A microscope consists of an objective lens and an eyepiece, allowing for the magnification of small objects. To prepare a slide, one places a specimen on a slide and covers it with a coverslip.

How do you label a microscope?

Key parts to label on a microscope include the eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, light source, and coarse and fine focus knobs.

What are the principles of Cell Theory?

Cell Theory includes three main principles: all living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

What is transpiration?

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, primarily leaves.

Why is transpiration important?

Transpiration is crucial for cooling plants, nutrient transport, and maintaining water balance within the plant.

What are the factors affecting the rate of transpiration?

Factors include temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity.

What is the structure of a leaf?

A leaf consists of the epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy layers), veins (vascular bundles), and stomata.

How is the leaf adapted for photosynthesis?

Leaves have a large surface area, chlorophyll in chloroplasts, and stomata for gas exchange, optimizing them for photosynthesis.

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

The word equation for photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen.

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Factors include light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and availability of water.