BIOL EXAM 2

Cardiac muscle tissue

pushes blood through the arteries and veins

 (involuntary)

Cardiac muscle tissue and Smooth muscle tissue

pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract

Smooth muscle tissue

(voluntary)

skeletal muscle tissue

contractile organs directly or indirectly attached to bones

Skeletal muscle tissue

What are the 5 skeletal muscle functions?

1. PRODUCE SKELETAL MOVEMENT 

2. MAINTAIN POSTURE AND BODY POSITION 

3. SUPPORT SOFT TISSUE   

4. REGULATE ENTERING AND EXITING 

5. MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE   

If you cut through the brachioradialis, you will see what first

epimysium

If you cut through the brachioradialis, you will see what second

perimysium

If you cut through the brachioradialis, you will see what third

endomysium

The increase of myofibrils will make jackson bigger than di.bi’s

true - they have the same amount of muscle fibers

H is what protein

myosin

I is what protein

actin

Thick - A band

dark stritations

Thin - I band

Light striations

back muscle - erect spinal - running

slow fibers

lifting

fast fibers

bicep

primal mover

synergists

bicep brachii

ethmoid bones - smell

crbiform plate

how many soft spots are on a baby?

What is the differnece between AXIAL and APPENDICULAR?

clavicle is not apart of the axial skeleton.

clavical is not apart of the axial skeleton?

true

126 bones

amount in appendicular skeleton

112 bones

axial skeleton

runs through the cribiform plate

olfactory nerve

The largest soft spot

anterior

why do baby have growth spots

for neural and growth development

The primary function for the spinal curve

protecting the spinal cord

cervical

7

thoracic

12

lumbar

5

What are the primary curves

thoracic and sacral

Is this the thoracic and sacral curves anterior or posterior?

Anterior

Secondary curvatures

cervical and lumbar curves

What age does the lumbar curve develop?

1 year.

Which curve is not normal in kyphosis?

Thoracic

What is Lordosis?

The back giving out - pregnancy

What curve is related to lordosis?

lumbar

What does “COASTAL” mean?

RIbs

What is the name for C1?

Atlas

What is unique to atlas (C1)?

NO body.

What is C2?

Axis

What is special to axis?

DENS

Does axis (C2) have a body?

Yes.

How many pairs of floating ribs are there that do not articulate with the sternum?

2 pairs, 4 ribs.

1-7

True Ribs

8-10

False Ribs

11-12

Floating Ribs

What muscles cover your upper back?

Traps

Which muscle covers your lower back?

Latissimus dorsi

What are made up of fast/white fibers?

eyes and fingers

Are the eyes and fingers fast twitch or slow twitch?

Fast twitch fibers

Your back recspan is a slow muscle

True

If you lift, you increase slow fibers or fast fibers?

Fast fibers.

If you run, you will produce slow fibers?

True.

The portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the primary gland is the

Sella Turcica

dense regular connective surrounding entire muscle 

Epimysium

surrounds each fascicle (group of muscle) 

Perimysium

a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell

Endomysium

SURROUNDED BY EPIMYSIUM AND CONTAINS MUSCLE FASCICLES.

Skeletal Muscle

SURROUNDED BY: PERIMYSIUM AND CONTAINS MUSCLE FIBERS.

Muscle Fascicle

Surrounded by endomysium: CONTAINS Myofibrils.

Muscle Fiber

What are 4 functions of the skeletal muscle?

1. Large in diameter because of many densely packed myofibrils.

2. Large glycogen reserves

3. Relatively few mitochondria: their mitochondria are unable to meet the demand

4. Fatigue easily.

surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Consists of sarcomeres (Z line to Z line)

Myofibril

Connective tissue sheaths are continuous with tendons

True

MODELS HAVE SAME MUSCLE FIBERS AS A FOOTBALL PLAYER! 

True.

ALL myofibrils are arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell, with their sarcomeres lying side by side.

True.

What happens when the muscle contracts?

get shorter and more overlaps.

Dark

A and H band is thick filament

Light

I and Z are thin filaments

Smaller

The H band and the I band get.

Larger

The zone of overlap gets

Closer

The Z line moves

If you cut through M

 you will cut through myosin.

If you cut through I and Z

you will cut through actin.

If you cut through A

you will cut through myosin.

The WIDTH of the A band remains WHAT throughout the contraction

Constant

What color fibers occur with slow trwich muscles?

Red

What color fibers occur with fast twitch fibers?

White

What are the 5 fast fiber functions?

• Large in diameter because of many densely packed myofibrils. 

• Large glycogen reserves 

• Relatively few mitochondria = mitochondria are unable to meet the demand 

• Fatigue easily 

• Can contract in 0.01 seconds or less following stimulation.

What are the 5 slow fiber functions?

• Are about half the diameter of fast fibers. 

• Take three times as long to contract after stimulation. 

• Contain abundant mitochondria 

• Use aerobic metabolism 

• Are red because they contain the red pigment myoglobin.

What are the 5 functions of the Intermeidate fibers?

• Have preceptors intermediate between those of fast fibers and slow fibers. 

• Contract faster than slow fibers but slower than fast fibers. 

• They have more mitochondria 

• Slightly increased capillary supply 

• A greater resistance to fatigue.

smaller diameter. Darker color due to myoglobin; fatigue resistant.

Slow fibers

I Love Spaghetti

True back muscles

Lmania

Top curve

Pedicle

Side curve

Writing

Slow fibers

Aponeurosis muscle

origin

Tendon msucle

Insertion

Multiple tendons

Origins

Single tendon

Insertion

the action of the biceps brachii muscle is described as

• “flexion of the elbow.”

 the biceps brachii muscle is said to perform

 “flexion of the forearm”

 the action of the biceps brachii muscle is described as

“flexion of the elbow.”

• chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement. 

Prime movers (agonists)

assist the prime mover in performing that action:

Synergists

are muscle whose actions oppose that of the agonist:

Antagonists.

If the agonist produces flexion

the antagonist will produce extension.

Specific body regions

Brachialis

Shape of the muscle

 trapezius.