Biology Final Exam Flash Cards
Studied by 2 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/96
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
97 Terms
What Is the longest term of Mitosis?
G1/ preparing for DNA synthesis
How does the S phase affect the cell cycle?
It is when the DNA replicates.
What indicates that the cell cycle is in anaphase?
When the chromosomes are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
What do the light independent reactions use energy from?
NAHD and ATP produce sugar.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.
What is the first step of photosynthesis.
sunlight is absorbed.
What type of cells do not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells.
What are the functions of ribosomes?
To make proteins
What structure in a plant cell enables it to make its own food?
Chloroplasts
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water
Active trans port includes?
ATP
What are protein polymers formed of?
Amino acids.
Triglycerides and steroids are?
Lipids.
What is a Monosacheride?
A charbohydrate
What is found in nucleic acids but not in lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins?
Phosphorus.
What are sex cells called?
Gametes
What is the female gamete?
The egg
What is the male gamete?
The sperm.
What is non-disjunction?
When chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase 1or 2.
what can non-disjunction lead to?
Aneuploidy.
What is Monosomy?
When an egg is missing a chromosome.
What is Trisomy?
When an egg has an extra chromosome.
What is asexual reproduction?
When an organism just needs one parent to reproduce.
What is sexual reproduction?
When an organism needs two parents to reproduce.
What is binary fission?
When a single cell divides and produces 2 identical daughter cells.
What is Conjugation?
Conjugation is when two organisms fuse together combine genetic information.
What is meiosis.
The process when the body creates sex cells.
What is a diploid cell?
When a cell has two chromosomes.
Which cells are haploid cells.
The egg and the sperm.
Why is it important to know about carbon atoms to understand organic molecules?
Because of the 4 covalent bonds other elements or itself .
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing
Carbon and hydrogen
Monomer are bonded together by which process?
Dehydration synthesis
Which is not an organic molecule found in living organisms?
Sodium chloride
Why are carbohydrates excellent energy storage molecules?
Provides glucose to the body.
What is the principle function of starch as a polymer?
Energy storage.
Oil and waxes are formed from which of the following Macromolecules.
Lipid.
Which molecule is not a ploymer?
Protein
Which molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components?
Phospholipids
Which of the following is the most diverse group of Macromolecules in both function and chemical structure
Proteins
What Three types of polysaccharides are important to living organisms?
Starch, glycogens and cellulose.
What four types of nitrogenous basese are found in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytostine, and gruanine.
What are unsaturated and saturated fats at room temperature?
Soft solids
Which of the following molecules are made up of glycerin and fatty acids?
Lipids
What water process break polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis
What is the study of chemical compounds that contain bonds with carbon atoms?
Organic chemistry
A chain of many monomer are called
Polymers
Which molecule stores energy in the cells of an animals liver and muscles?
Glycogen
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Chiten
Which molecule is the best source of short-term energy?
Glucose
Which molecule builds a cell wall in plants?
Cellulose
What element is not found in lipids
Nitrogen
What element is not found in carbohydrates
Phisphorous
How many amino acids exist in nature?
20
What is not a function of proteins?
Long and short-term energy storage.
What determines the unique properties of amino acid?
R group
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
Which type of macromolecule stores transmits and expresses genetic information?
Nucleic acid.
Which of the following is not a function of lipids?
Short-term energy storage.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Protein
What is not a tenet of the cell theory?
Cells contain tiny organisms within them
What structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotes
Ribosomes
Unicellular organisms are made up of…
One cell
Which organelle is important to making energy in a cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is important to sorting and packaging substances in the cell to vesicles?
Golfing bodies
What structure in bacterium helps protect it from being eaten by other cells.
The capsule
What structure can hel0 bacterium move around in its environment?
Flagellum
What do you call the structure that stores genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is not a function of a cell Membrane
The cell Membrane controls expression of DNA in the cell
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids.
Transmembrane proteins can form
Channels, pumps and receptors
Which structure found in the cell Membrane is linked to cell Membrane fluidity?
Cholesterol
What is not an example of passive transport
Diffusion
Active transport will transport a substance
Against the concentration gradient
What happens to the pressure inside a plant cell when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
The pressure increases
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
How is energy released from ATP
A phosphate group breaks off
What is a multicellular organisms
An organisms with 2 or more cells
Define eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a nucleaus
Do animal cells have cell walls?
NO
What is osmosis
The diffusion of water
How do you know a cell is in metaphase
The chromosomes will be lined up in the middle
What substance in oxidized in respiration
Glucose
What are the reactants of cellular restorations in plants.
Glucose and oxygen
Wha6bis the reactant of Photosynthesis
Water
Why is water important to a plant?
Water supplies the plant with electrons for the electron transport chain
Suppose an ion gains an electeon..
It is reduced
Moving a ball up hill…
Increases it’s potential energy
An oven heats materials by transferring which form of energy to the materials
Thermal
What is not an example of kinetic energy
And apple hanging from a branch
A reaction that can be used to build ATP is best classified as
Endergonic
The coupling ATP breakdown to peptide formation illustrates the coupling of…
An exergonic reaction to an endergonic reaction
What is aerobic resperation
Aerobic resperation uses oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain
During the electron transport chain what form of energy is produced in the largest quantity,
ATP
Which of the following are not a product of the Krebs cycle
Water
What is the chemical equation of Photosynthesis?
6CO2+ 6H2O —> C6H12O6+6O2
What is the chemical equation for cellular resperation
6O2+C6H12O6 —>6CO2 + 6H20
At the end of mitosis you have…
Two identical daughter cells.