Unit 2 APUSH

WHich colonies were under the stuart rule

VA, MA, RI, Plymouth, Mass Bay, MD, CT

North geography

rocky, short growing season, and not a lot of fertile land

Why are the English late to exploration?

They had their own internal problems such as the protestant restoration and the irish uprisings to stay catholic/ also could not compete with Spain.

Impact of the irish uprisings on the new world

they take the irish's land and treat them as inferior which is the same treatment they will give to the natives in the new world

Why is Queen elizabeth the turning point of exploration

she defeats the spanish armada and seadogs which makes spain weaker so they can now explore the new world without fear/ also introduces nationalism

The push and pull factors

the enclosure movements, the population pressures, money opportunity, and religious freedom

what is primogeniture

where the oldest inherits all, so the second and third sons go to the new world in order to gain economic benefits since they cant in the old world

Which religions are seeking religious freedom

quakers, puritans, separatists, and catholics

What is Roanoke

the first english attempt of settlement in the New World/ gets a charter from the Queen of England and is privately funded/ further south so warmer

Who is SIr Walter Raleigh

leader of the people going to roanoke and is having a hard time due to native conflict and it being winter so he keeps a group there in north carolina and returns back to england for more supplies

Which colony was under the tudor rule

roanoke

Are the 13 colonies densely populated

yes they are

what determines the economy of the colonies

the motivation and geography

South geography

long growing season, fertile land, and coastal

why is roanoke a mystery

when sir walter returns after 3 years due to the spanish attacking the english, he cannot find anything except the words Croatoan engraved in a tree

which states are the southern colonies

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Maryland

What is VIrginia and Maryland growing

tobacco

What is South Carolina growing

rice and indigo

WHat makes jamestown England's first successful settlement

it didn't disappear like roanoke did

Jamestown

named after KIng James II and was established in virginia and maryland on the james river

Who funds the trip to the new world for jamestown

The Virginia Company which is a joint stock company where they invest in hopes that the settlers will make a profit

why did the jamestown people not bring women

they were not planning on staying there long

reasons to why jamestown was a nightmare

-surrounded by natives so constant war

- water too salty to plant crops

- hot so diseases such as malaria and yellow fever flourished

-had to water, food, or shelter

-noble born sons so no one wanted to work

-no women so no cooking

-many dead before they even step foot on land

Who was the reason why jamestown was even standing

John Smith (also the natives)

what does john smith impose

martial law (enforced discipline on the men there in order to keep native dispute to a minimum)

Which tribe allied with the jamestown settlers

the powhatans because they wanted english tools

What causes the "starving times"

when john smith leaves due to an accident so the settlers turn on the powhatans and raid their villages for food

how did jamestown manage to survive

people from the old world kept coming to the colony with supplies and also tobacco was founded

Who created the tobacco

John Rolfe

What do the 2nd sons make when they realize that tobacco is hard to farm

the headright system where they bring indentured servants from the old world to work on their tobacco plantations (get 50 acres each time they bring a servant there)

What is the House of Burgesses

the first representative government in the colonies but still under the parliament. Recognized that they still had englishmen rights and only men with a certain amount of land could be part of the legislature. They created their own local laws

What problems did tobacco make

the land you grew it on would die after a while so they needed more land in order to plant it, causing them to push out the natives from their home land

reasons for the anglo-powhatan war

-expected the natives to help them but didnt give them anything in return

-growing population of english people which caused them to kick out more natives

-tobacco

how did the anglo-powhatan war end

John Rolfe and Pocahontas' marriage but didnt permanently stop war because of the english attitude against marrying natives

What does the Virginia Company want to do

spark an all out war with the natives but King James take's their colony and makes it a royal colony because he feels like they aren't supervising it correctly

What happens in the 2nd anglo-powhatan war

they are no longer allowed on their own land and keep getting pushed west

what do the natives in virginia foreshadow to the rest of the native americans

the 3 d's: disease, disorganization, and disposability

what does john martin think they should do to the natives

they should constantly raid them, kill them on the rivers, take their land take their beaver skin, take their food, and to also take their trading routes to other natives because they aren't seen as humans

maryland

2nd colony in Chesapeake Bay and was granted to Lord Baltimore by King Charles I

What is the purpose of maryland

to be a haven for catholics

Similarities between Virginia and Maryland

tobacco plantation areas, indentured servants, headright system, and has an aristocratic feel (profit)

What is the Act of Religious Toleration?

religious tolerance for only catholics which caused tension between the settlers and natives

What is Bacon's rebellion

when Nathaniel Bacon led 1000 indentured servants against the natives and then the VA government

why was there a rebellion

the indentured servants were angry that they didnt get anything after working their time in the headright system/ also didnt have rights to be in the house of burgesses

who are the tidewater whites and who are the backcountry whites

backcountry are the indentured servants and tidewater are the "aristocrats"

what was the significance of bacon's rebellion

showed the tidewater whites that indentured servants were not worth it and that slaves were cheaper

The Carolina colonies

restoration colony created by Charles II

reason for why the carolinas were founded

the caribbeans were only planting sugar and they needed food so the 8 proprietors decided to plant rice and feed the carolines in return for money

what was the trade dynamic between carolinas and caribbeans

caribbeans gave carolinas slaves while carolinas gave them rice

charleston

seaport city and the only big urban center

Why did the Carolinas split?

SC was good for planting, had the headright system, and based on slavery

NC was bad for planting, independent, and more democratic

why was georgia created

to be a buffer colony between spain and the carolinas (their money making colonies)

Who founded Georgia and why

James Oglethorpe and called it the "charity colony" because it was a place for poor white farmers to make a living

restrictions in Georgia

- No Catholics because they were near florida and spain was catholic

- no slaves because it would take work away from the whites

-no alcohol because a lot of them were drunks

why was georgia slow to grow

not a popular place to go to

Chesapeake colony life

-life expectancy decreased by 10 yrs

-women were outnumbered by men so had ability to choose

-women would inherit husband's property once dead (widowarchy)

-women able to choose who they wanted to marry because brothers and fathers were most likely dead

-no extended family

-no community since plantations were spread apart

-heavy population of indentured servants

Hierarchy in Chesapeake

Plantation owners, subsistence farmers (planted food not cash crops), landless whites, indentured servants, and enslaved people

what didnt develop in the chesapeake area

job diversity, communities, education, and no roads (relied on rivers)

why were there no urban centers in the south

plantations spread apart and they could grow whatever they needed on their farm

North colonies

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode ISland

Why was Plymouth created

puritans pushed against anglicans and when pushing against anglican religion it is seen as treason so they were persecuted causing them to find a haven for puritanism

puritan ideology

-predestination

-the elects (visible saints who were the political leaders)

-conversion

-covenant with God (everyone must me in covenant or else the whole village would be punished)

separatist ideology

-radicals

-did not want to live with anglicans (thought they would corrupt the puritans)

-founders of plymouth colony

why did the separatists leave Holland

the dutch were a "bad" influence on the children

who are the strangers and saints

strangers- non puritans

saints- puritans

What happened on the Mayflower

they brought strangers and saints to the new world, but landed north so they were squatters in that region/ drank beer because water went bad

What is the mayflower compact

the first agreement for self-government to be created and enforced in America

How was the location in plymouth

difficult but good because they were helped by the wampanoags and were on a hill (easy to defend) but farming area was not good

the first winter

a bunch of settlers died but none of them wanted to leave because it was a pure place/ also they wanted to be middle class not poor or wealthy

relationship with the natives

they were alliances with the wampanoag and relied on them how to plant crops/ natives also used the separatists as a way of protection from other natives (they were weak)

Fortunate leadership

Captain Standish (made everyone work) and William Bradford ( paid off the joint stock company and elected governor 30 times)

how was plymouth able to be stable economically

off of beaver, fish, and lumber

Mass Bay COlony

were puritans (not separatists/ congregationalists) and were granted a charter from Charles I during the great migration/ originally for profit because of the puritan merchants but were bought out for religious refuge/ educated people came here and so did 1000s of puritans

Difference between Mass Bay and Plymouth

Mass Bay was puritan, richer, and had a charter

similarities between mass bay and plymouth

had a good relationship with the natives and there for religious freedom

who were the puritans in mass bay

merchants, ship builders, farmers, etc.

who were the leaders of the mass bay colony

the elect

why was mass bay not a theocracy

they separated church from government because they didnt want government to corrupt the church/ taxes must be paid by believers and non-believers

what were the blue laws

Codes that regulated acceptable social behavior in order to keep the covenant of god

Connecticut colonies

people who left Mass Bay and their restrictions/ Thomas Hooker leaves and forms the connecticut colony with the dissenters because he believes religion shouldn't dictate government and also because he couldn't conform to mass bay standards

Connecticut ideology

you don't have to be puritan, political and religious freedom, and everyone can vote

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

rights to freemen and used a secret ballot

New haven community

merges with connecticut because of the royal charter

Rhode Island

founded by roger williams for religious freedom and purchased the land from the natives/ banished from mass bay/ equal to all but was disrespected by the rest of the colonies

Anne Hutchinson

challenges puritanism because doesnt think the elect is real and that she is an elect herself which makes them charge her with heresy because women cant be elects / men start restricting women even more which causes the witch trials

NE colonies

at first went well with the natives but the tension grew because the amount of english coming, english attitude, and land dispute (Winthrop thought that natives were against god and that god would kill them)

population of the natives in south

eliminated basically

the Pequot War

between settlers on river valley and natives where the english and their narragansett allies slaughtered them for trading with the dutch and wanted their land

Metacomet (King Philip)

chief who brings natives together to fight puritans but they lose (bloodiest war in american history)

DOminion of NE

James II angry that the colonies are independent and want to form mercantilism so he appointed royal viceroys and combined the colonies together

Glorious Revolution

where they overthrew KIng James II without bloodshed and instead appointed William and Mary to the throne

William and Mary

made the colonies royal colonies which made puritans insecure and couldnt sell their stuff to other countries or buy from them

NE life

-increased health by 10 years

-natural fertility

- women were treated as non existent

-no cash crops

-family owned farms

-a huge family

-colder climate

-femme covert (women identity is her husband's)

-everything watched

-everyone close together

-yankee integrity (dont change what god made)

-seaports

-educated

-community

covenant with god and community

everyone must be pure in community so that they are on God's good side

Why did the Salem Witch Trials happen?

protestant reformation caused people to believe in witchcraft so when little girls started saying they felt weird they would accuse the outcast women of witchcraft

Half-way covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

what caused insecurity among the salem residents

coldest winter of all time, native attacks, and dominion of NE

Mid Atlantic colonies

NY, NJ, PA, DE

NY and NJ

a restoration colony that was owned by the dutch before but didnt want the dutch in between their colonies so they forced them out/ had a huge slave population and also ethnically diverse/ bread and basket colony

NYC

wealthy area with a seaport and urban center