Metabolism and Photosynthesis Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key concepts of photosynthesis, plant structure, and related functions from the lecture notes.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in plants that captures solar energy for photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts

organism that contains the chemical chlorophyll that captures solar energy

O₂ and CO₂ - Gas Exchange

The process by which oxygen is released and carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis and respiration.

Stomata

Openings in the leaf that allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to be exchanged.

Guard Cells

Specialized cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.

Transpiration

The loss of water through the leaf due to evaporation.

• guard cells are open, water is “sucked” upwards like a straw

• guard cells must balance gas exchange with potential loss of water

Cuticle

A waxy protective layer on plant surfaces that helps prevent water loss and keeps unwanted substance out.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants.

Vacuole

A large, central space in plant cells that stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Cell wall

plants lack a skeletal system and need to be upright towards the sun for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Equation

The process by which plants convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose, with oxygen as a byproduct. The general equation is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

Root function

Roots anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients, and store energy.

Transport Tissues

Specialised tissues in plants, including xylem and phloem, that facilitate the movement of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars produced in the leaves to other parts of the plant.