Plant Systems

Monocotyledons

Plants that have one cotyledon in their seeds, exhibiting parallel leaf veins and flower parts typically in multiples of three.

Dicotyledons

Plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds, featuring net-like leaf veins and flower parts typically in multiples of four or five.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within fruits.

Endosperm

Tissue in the seeds providing nourishment to the developing embryo.

Xylem

Vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients, particularly sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Cotyledon

The first seed leaf present in the embryo of a seed.

Fibrous root system

A root system consisting of many thin roots spreading out from the stem, typical in monocots.

Taproot system

A root system characterized by a single main root that grows deep into the soil, typical in dicots.

Vascular bundles

Structures in stems that contain xylem and phloem tissues, arranged differently in monocots and dicots.

Bulliform cells

Large, empty cells in the upper epidermis of leaves that help to regulate turg