Cell Bio Lecture 1 Material

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Cells

What are the characteristics of life?

Homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, DNA/hereditary, Cells

When did life originate?

3 billion years ago

Who came up with the cell theory?

Schleiden and Schwann

What does the cell theory state?

That organisms are made of cells, new cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the structural and functional unit of all living things, and that cell dysfunction produces disease

What evidence supporting the cell theory came from Louis Pasteur?

Broth experiment with bacteria and microbes

What is the central dogma theory?

DNA replication → Transcription → Translation

All cells use the same ___ amino acids?

20

Cells are _____________ that self-replicate?

Catalytic machines

What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

Lack of a nucleus, lack of a mitochondria, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles

What are the characteristics of eukaryotes?

Presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, multi-cellular, membrane bound organelle

What are the major divisions of prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria and Archaea

What are the major divisions of eukaryotic organisms?

Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae, Animal

What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes

What are the common features between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Have their own DNA, double membrane, ATP synthase, electron transport chain.

All life on Earth has descended from a _________?

Common ancestor

What is saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Brewer’s Yeast

What is Schizosaccharaomyces pombe?

Fission Yeast

What is arabidopsis?

A small weed, with a compact genome

Who first used Drosophila melanogaster?

Thomas Hunt Morgan

What is caenorhabditis elegans?

A soil nematode

What was C. elegans used to help determine?

Genes controlling programmed cell death

How many genes do humans have?

19,000