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What is the fundamental unit of life?
Cells
What are the characteristics of life?
Homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, DNA/hereditary, Cells
When did life originate?
3 billion years ago
Who came up with the cell theory?
Schleiden and Schwann
What does the cell theory state?
That organisms are made of cells, new cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the structural and functional unit of all living things, and that cell dysfunction produces disease
What evidence supporting the cell theory came from Louis Pasteur?
Broth experiment with bacteria and microbes
What is the central dogma theory?
DNA replication → Transcription → Translation
All cells use the same ___ amino acids?
20
Cells are _____________ that self-replicate?
Catalytic machines
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?
Lack of a nucleus, lack of a mitochondria, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles
What are the characteristics of eukaryotes?
Presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, multi-cellular, membrane bound organelle
What are the major divisions of prokaryotic organisms?
Bacteria and Archaea
What are the major divisions of eukaryotic organisms?
Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae, Animal
What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?
Some eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, evolved from free-living prokaryotes
What are the common features between mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Have their own DNA, double membrane, ATP synthase, electron transport chain.
All life on Earth has descended from a _________?
Common ancestor
What is saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Brewer’s Yeast
What is Schizosaccharaomyces pombe?
Fission Yeast
What is arabidopsis?
A small weed, with a compact genome
Who first used Drosophila melanogaster?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
What is caenorhabditis elegans?
A soil nematode
What was C. elegans used to help determine?
Genes controlling programmed cell death
How many genes do humans have?
19,000
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Flashcard (20)