Functional Group Tests

Bromine in Water Test

test for phenols

Positive result of bromine in water test?

clear/colorless

Negative result of bromine in water test?

Bromine solution color remains, orange/brown

Bromine Test?

Tests for Alkenes

Positive result of bromine test?

Colorless solution

Negative result for bromine test?

orange/brown color of bromine solution remains

Cerric Nitrate Test?

Test for alcohols and phenols

Positive result of cerric nitrate?

yellow color changes to red

Negative result of cerric nitrate?

remains yellow color

2,4-DNP test?

Test for aldehydes and ketones

Positive test for 2,4-DNP?

orange/red precipitate forms

Negative test for 2,4-DNP?

no precipitate, yellow liquid

Baeyer Test?

Test for alkenes

Positive result of Baeyer test?

double and triple bonds give reddish/brown color

Negative result of Baeyer test?

rings and carbonyls remain purple color and are insoluble

Lucas Test?

test for alcohols

Positive result of Lucas Test?

tertiary alcohols react instantly and don’t dissolve

Negative result of Lucas test?

primary alcohols dissolve at room temperature

Chromic Acid test?

Test for alcohols

Positive result of chromic acid test?

primary or secondary alcohols and aldehydes for green color (primary) or yellow/orange color (secondary).

Negative result of chromic acid test?

tertiary alcohols and phenols give darker color

Beilstein Test?

Test for halogens

Positive result of Beilstein?

presence of blue/green flame

Negative result of Beilstein?

regular colored flame

Ignition Test?

test for aromatic

Positive result of Ignition?

sooty yellow flame

Negative result of Ignition?

no yellow flame, just regular

Sodium Iodide test?

presence of alkyl chloride or bromide

Positive result of Sodium Iodide?

primary bromide should precipitate at room temperature

primary and secondary chloride should precipitate upon heating

Negative result of Sodium Iodide?

no precipitate forms

Tollens Test?

test for aldehydes

Positive result of Tollen’s?

silver mirror or black precipitate should form

Negative result of Tollen’s

no silver mirror or precipitate

Silver nitrate test?

test for carboxylic acids and alkyl halides

Positive result of silver nitrate test?

should form precipitate

halides will be insoluble in nitric acid

carboxylic acids will be soluble in nitric acid

Negative result of silver nitrate test?

no precipitate forms