Art Semester Review

subtractive sculpture

To carve or chip away material from a larger block.

In the round

a sculpture that is completely 3-D and free standing.

Installations

Often large in scale and temporary, these assembled artworks often juxtapose two- and three-dimensional objects and materials. Many times, these exhibitions are collaborative.

Cloth of Kings

A royal and sacred cloth worn only in times of extreme importance and was considered the cloth of _.

Kente Cloth

A type silk or cotton fabric made of interwoven cloth strips that is native to Akan ethnic group in South Ghana.

Men

The Kente cloth has traditionally been woven by the of the village.

Basket

Name derives from Kenten which means ___ in the Akan dialect.

Researchers have documented 300 distinct patterns that are associated with

Proverbs, Specific Kings and Historical events

igneous

Clay is the result of the decomposition of what kind of ___ rock.

Porcelain

a clay is hard white and translucent

Kneading

The process where clay is worked with the palms of the hands on a surface to remove air and obtain a uniform consistency.

kiln

the furnace where pottery is fired called.

Oxides

Compounds containing oxygen and other elements used in making and coloring glazes and clay bodies.

Coil

a small rope like piece of clay.

Glaze

a coating of glass like substance that is fused to the surface of a ceramic piece.

Stoneware

a grey, beige or brown clay used for functional ware and sculpture.

Green ware

unfired clay objects.

shrinkage

The reduction in the size of clay mass that occurs when water in the clay evaporates during drying and firing.

Chamber

The enclosed portion of the kiln where pottery pieces are placed for firing.

Grog

Crushed fired clay used as an additive to reduce shrinkage; it acts as a stabilizer to help clay dry uniformly.

Earthenware

A very plastic clay body that is good for throwing on the wheel. It is porous and must be glazed to be functional.

Bonedry

The condition of unfired clay that has no absorbed moisture other than the natural humidity.

Does the color of a glaze change when it is fired?

Yes, it goes through a chemical reaction.

Wedging

The technique where clay is mixed and de-aired by cutting the clay diagonally and slamming the pieces together.

Porous and Vitreous

are the two types of clay bodies.

Score and slip

steps must be taken before two pieces of clay can be joined.

Why can't there be glaze on the bottom of a ceramic piece?

It will stick to the kiln shelf

Slip

A suspension of clay in water that acts like a glue.

Terracotta

A reddish brown low fire porous earthenware that is very strong after firing because of its high iron content.

Bisque fire

The first firing of clay to drive out chemically combined water and materials prior to glazing.

Leather hard

The stage between plastic and bone dry, where clay has dried but still may be cut or joined.

Feldspar

Common mineral found in clay and glazes to add color.

Foot

The mini pinch pot or rim that is created at the bottom of a larger pot.

Vitreous clay

A non-porous material, whose particles meld together and become glasslike when fired at high temperatures.

Bisque ware

Ceramic ware that has gone through the first firing at a relatively low temperature.

Glaze fire

The second cycle during which glaze materials are heated sufficiently to melt and form a glassy surface.

Fire clay

A clay used in kiln production because it can withstand high temperatures.

Plasticity

The quality of clay that allows it to change shape without tearing and breaking.

Maturing temperature

The temperature at which the clay body reaches the desired hardness or when a glaze fuses to a clay body.

Firing

The heating of pottery or clay to a temperature high enough to render it hard and durable.

Extrusion

The process of making shapes by forcing clay through a die.

Porosity

The amount of empty space in the structure of the fired clay that makes it capable of absorbing liquids.

2-3

coats of glaze should be applied.

White

color is used when burnishing with colored pencils.

Layered vertical hatching

A colored pencil technique using hatching with more than one color, a good technique for drawing grass.

sqraffito

The colored pencil technique where a bright color is applied; then black is colored over and finally a sharp object is used to scratch the black to reveal the first color.

Crosshatching

The colored pencil technique where lines are drawn first one-way and then another.

Tonal

The colored pencil technique that results in an even color.

Wash, delicate to bold

The colored pencil technique where a light color such as yellow is applied, then another color is applied lightly on top.

Layering

The colored pencil technique where color is applied horizontally and then the same color is applied vertically on top.

Shading

The colored pencil technique where the color is dark and gradually lightens.

Blending 2 colors

The colored pencil technique where two colors start off dark in different areas and get lighter and blend together where they meet.

Vertical Hatching

The colored pencil technique where hatched lines are applied vertically.

Impressed Line

The colored pencil technique where lines are drawn on the paper with a blunt object, then color is applied lightly over, causing white lines to appear.

Tape and eraser

What can be used to lift up some of the color in a colored pencil drawing?

Strokes of Movement

The colored pencil technique where lines are drawn to show movement (also can be used to show wood grain, or fur).

Loose Scribble

A colored pencil technique where random lines are drawn to fill up the space.

Colorless Blender

The blending technique where colors are blended together without another color evident.

Circular Strokes

The colored pencil technique where small circles are drawn to fill up space.

Stippling

The colored pencil technique that uses dots to add color.

Highlights

The colored pencil technique where white areas are left without color on purpose.

Rhythm

A principle of design that refers to ways of combining elements to produce the appearance of movement in an artwork.

Movement

A principle of design that refers to ways of arranging elements to create a sense of motion.

Implied Movement

The appearance of movement in a static artwork resulting from the artist's use of elements.

Optical Movement

An illusion of movement caused by the response of he eye to the elements arranged in artworks.

Balance

A principle of design referring to the arrangement of the visual elements to create stability in the artwork.

Unity

A principle of design related to the sense of wholeness that results from the successful combination of component elements.

Pattern

The repetition of elements or combination of elements in a recognizable organization.

Emphasis

A principle of design in which one element or a combination of elements create more attention than any thing else in a composition.

Proportion

A design principle reflecting the size relationships of parts to one another and to a whole.

Asymmetrical Balance

A feeling of balance attained when the visual units on either side of a vertical axis are actually different but are placed in the composition to create a felt balance of the artwork.

Symmetrical Balance

A balance arrangement in which parts of a composition are organized so that one side duplicates or mirrors the other.

Radial Balance

A balance arrangement that results from the repetitive placement of elements radiating out from a central point.

Approximately Symmetrical

The use of forms that are similar yet different on either side of a vertical axis.

Variety

A principle of design concerned with the inclusion of differences in the elements of a composition to offset unity and add interest to an artwork.

Hue

the property of color that distinguishes one gradation from another.

Complementary colors

the 2 colors located opposite each other on the color wheel called.

Analogous Colors

colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel called

Monochromatic

the color scheme called that is made up of one color, its tints and shades?

Color

an art element of art that deals with hues, tints and shades.

primary colors

cannot be created by mixing colors. They include red, yellow and blue.

Black, white and gray

neutral colors

Tint

Add white to a color

intermediate color

Mix a primary and secondary color together or unequal amounts of primary colors mixed together.

Shade

Color plus black

Spectrum

Bands of colored light created when white light is passed through a prism.

Color Harmonies

combinations of colors that are considered satisfying.

Warm

The hues in which red and yellow are dominant. Red, Yellow, Orange

Cool

The hues in which blue is dominant. Blue, Purple and Green

Loomis Method

The method of constructing the head and face.