PATHO CHAP 4 - PRELEC QUIZ

Adaptive immunity

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them

allergens

are antigens that cause an allergic reaction

alloimmunity

reactions directed at tissue antigens from other
individuals of the same species

• organ transplant rejection

antibodies

Proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body

antigen

A protein that triggers the production of an antibody, when introduced to the blood

apoptosis

programmed cell death

autoimmunity

pertaining to one's immune system attacking its own tissues or cells

B lymphocytes

form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

basophils

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

direct destruction of antigen carrying cells

Eosinophils

a white blood cell containing granules that offer best protection against parasites

granulocytes

A group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

Helper T lymphocytes

enhance humoral and cell-mediated responses of the immune system

host

An organism on which a parasite lives.

Hypersensitivity

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

immunoglobulin

protein with antibody activity

innate immunity

Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

lymph

the watery fluid in the lymph vessels collected from the tissue spaces

macrophages

Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.

monocytes

An agranular leukocyte that can migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.

natural killer cell

immune system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells

neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.

specificity

the immune cells seek out and destroy targeted foreign invaders

T lymphocytes

form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

urticaria

itching

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity - Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

Adaptive immunity - occurs over lifetime, promotes body’s ability to adapt to threat of infection

What are the roles of the T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the immune response?

T LYMPHOCYTES are responsible for attacking antigens and activating other cells needed for immune response. B LYMPHOCYTES are responsible for producing antibodies that attach to specific antigens, then neutralizing and destroying the invader.

How are antibodies created and what immunity benefit do they provide?

Antibodies are created by B LYMPHOCYTES. Antibodies can attach to specific types of antigens, allowing them to be marked for destruction to protect body from harm.

What are common causes of immunodeficiency?

genetic mutation, impaired immune responsiveness; viruses such as HIV

• Primary immunodeficiency - freq identified when recurrent, severe infections are seen in young children

• Secondary immunodeficiency - immunodeficiency that’s a result of another disease

How does the immune system play a role in allergies and allergic reactions?

The immune system identifies harmless substances as potential threats to the body, thus creating an attack on the substances. This creates allergies and allergic reactions

What interventions do we provide to boost or supplement the immune system?

Vaccines - stimulate immunity through exposure to antigen

• Attenuated vaccines - reduced ability to cause disease

• Conjugated vaccines - promote activation of more than 1 cell type; stimulates immune response to pathogen

  • balanced diet

  • regular exercise

  • sufficient sleep

  • stress management