W7: THRUST VECTORING

Thrust Vectoring

• The ability of an aircraft to direct thrust other than parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal axis

• Allows the exhaust to redirect thrust in various positions

• utilized to gain maneuverability and control in specific flight regimes

• Vertical Take-off & transition to horizontal flight

• Flight maneuvering in military aircrafts

Different examples of thrust vectoring

Thrust reversers

Are used to assist in braking during landing

Enhanced Maneuverability

(Thrust Vectoring)

it enables aircrafts to perform tactical maneuvers, that can result to stall in regular aerodynamic flights

Operational Flexibility

(Thurst Vectoring)

Vectoring allows STOVL (Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing) which permits operations for restricted environments

Complexity

(Thrust Vectoring)

Introduces additional weight and ____ for the aircraft by adding actuators and heat-resistant materials

high-velocity exhaust gas mixing with the lower-velocity ambient air

The main source of noise for older turbojet engines is the?

• Exhaust Noise

• Fan/Compressor Noise

• Turbine/Combustion Noise

Three sources of engine noise

▪Modern Turbofan Engines:

▪High-bypass ratio

▪Acoustic Treatment

Solution for engine noise:

High-Bypass Ratio

Noise suppression is achieved by surrounding the high-speed hot exhaust with slow moving “cold” bypass air which helps dampen the noise or reduce the shear noise

Acoustic Treatment

• Acoustic panels are installed within the cowlings of the engine to absorb sound energy

Acoustic panels

____ are installed within the cowlings of the engine to absorb sound energy

▪Combustion Efficiency and Atomization

• Flame Propagation

▪Thermal Efficiency and Performance

• Prime Factors

• Operating Limits

▪Noise Emissions and Suppression

• Frequency and Propagation

• Suppression

▪Monitoring Systems

• Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT)

Principles of Turbine Engine Emissions and Efficiency

Flame Propagation

Vanes are used to ensure high-degree of mechanical mixing between fuel vapor and primary air

Prime Factors

Thermal efficiency can be determined by the TIT and the compressor ratio

Operating limits

Higher temperatures doesn’t necessarily mean

Frequency and Propagation

Low frequency noise travels greater distances

Suppression

Engines typically utilize specialized exhaust designs to dissipate the energy, converting that energy to less objectionable noise

Monitoring Systems

Ensures engine operations are within parameters that yield to optimal combustion

Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT)

are used to ensure energy levels are appropriate for the desired power without exceeding thermal limits