APHUG Unit 4 Vocab

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57 Terms

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Nation
a large group of people who share a common language, culture, history, and identity, and who often live within defined borders.
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Nation-State
a sovereign state in which the majority of the population shares a common language, culture, history, and identity, and in which the government represents the interests of that nation
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Stateless nation
a group of people who share a common language, culture, history, and identity, but who do not have their own sovereign state
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multinational states
a state that consists of two or more nations within its borders.
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multistate nations
refer to a group of people who share a common identity, culture, and often history, but are dispersed across multiple countries or states.
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autonomous
(of a country or region) having the freedom to __govern__ itself or control its own affairs.
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semiautonomous
(of a country, state, or community) having a degree of, but not complete, __self-government__.
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devolution
the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.
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sovereignty
the authority of a state to __govern__ itself or another state.
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self-determination
the process by which a country determines its own __statehood__ and forms its own __allegiances__ and government.
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shatter belts
a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and ofter fragmented by aggressive rivals.
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choke points
geographic locations where the flow of people and goods can be constricted and choked off in the event of a conflict. A choke point can be a strait, a mountain pass, a tunnel, or even a bridge.
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neocolonialism
when a foreign power indirectly controls or influences a territory and its people, usually through financial means
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territoriality
the concept of territory, which refers to a defined area of land or water that is claimed by a group or individual as their own and is protected from external interference
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relic boundary
boundaries that used to exist and can still be detected on the landscape, like the Great Wall of China and the Berlin Wall.
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superimposed boundary
political barriers drawn in an area with complete disregard for the cultural, religious, and ethnic divisions within the people living there. Ex. Berlin Conference / Scramble for Africa
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subsequent boundary
a political boundary that was created after two groups have already settled there
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antecedent boundary
boundary between two states that is created before the area is populated with human society.
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geometric boundary
A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.
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consequent boundary
a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups, that was established to settle disputes, end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups.
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redistricting
Redistricting is the process of drawing electoral district boundaries in a representative democracy.
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gerrymandering
Gerrymandering refers to the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class.
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unitary form of government
a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government.
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federal form of government
a system of government where power is shared (in various arrangements) between a centralized government and various regional authorities.
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ethnic cleansing
when a people group commits mass expulsion or mass killing of a particular ethnic group whom they do not want to exist either in a particular region or in the world as a whole.
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geopolitics
The study of the interplay between international political relations and the territories in which they occur
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state
A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy.
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nationalism
the attachment of a person to a particular nation, or a political action by such a group to achieve statehood (or national self-determination)
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Berlin Conference
convened in 1884 with the intention of dividing up the continent of Africa among the various European imperial powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy).
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Proxy War
an armed conflict between two states or non-state actors, one or both of which act at the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved in the hostilities.
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decolonization
process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
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organic theory
the idea that countries behave like organisms in that they seek nutrition to survive. The nutrition in the country's case is land territory.
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heartland theory
whoever owns the heartland of Eastern Europe will control the world.
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rimland theory
that Eurasia’s rimland, the coastal areas, is the key to controlling the World Island.
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delimited boundary
boundaries are drawn on a map.
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defined boundary
boundaries are established by a legal document.
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demarcated boundary
boundaries are identified by physical objects, like walls, signs, and fences
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natural boundary
boundaries are boundaries that are based on natural features such as rivers, mountains, or deserts.
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cultural boundary
boundaries are boundaries that are based on cultural differences, such as language, religion, or ethnicity.
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economic boundary
boundaries are boundaries that are based on economic factors such as trade routes, resource deposits, or economic development.
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militarized boundary
boundaries are boundaries that are heavily guarded by military forces.
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open boundary
A boundary in which there are no establishments and one is free to move from one side to another.
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definitional dispute
boundary dispute over the legal terms set forth
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locational dispute
boundary dispute over the physical location
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irredentism
a political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism. It is a political movement that intends to reunite a nation or reclaim a lost territory.
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operational dispute
a boundary dispute over how the boundary ought to function.
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allocational dispute
a dispute over the right to resources.
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territorial sea
a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state.
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contiguous zone
An area seaward (24 nautical miles) of the territorial sea in which the Coastal State may exercise the control necessary to prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws.
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exclusive economic zone
a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. The country that controls the EEZ has rights to the fishing, whaling, etc., as well as the raw material resources
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law of the sea
each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast
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cracking
when legislatures disperse a group into several districts in order to prevent a majority
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packing
combines similar voters into one district to prevent them from affecting another district.
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stacking
when minority voting groups are “stacked” together, but alongside higher turnout majority groups which dilutes their power
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hijacking (type of gerrymandering)
involves redrawing districts to force two representatives in the same party to run against each other.
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supranationalism
the process of nation states organizing politically and economically into one organization or alliance.
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Balkanization
the devolution of larger countries and states as a result of multi-ethnicity leading to ethnic fragmentation and an overall feeling of political fragmentation.