7) User-Centered Design (UCD)

UCD

the approach of paying attention to a potential user (group)

International standards organisaton (ISO)

describes the fundamental priciples of UCD

the fundamental priciples of UCD

that a design is based on the explicit understanding of users, tasks and environment.

• users are involved throughout the whole design process,

• the design is driven by user feedback,

• process is iterative (repetative).

designers think of the concept of ‘use’ through

user experience trinity; understand the user, the task, the environment

the user experience

is a persons perception and response that comes from the users use of the product

usability

is the ease of use (learnability) of the product

usability experience

describes the usefullness, likeability, productivity, and effectiveness of the product

UCD requires

a multi-disciplinary team of engineers of designers, psychologists, ethnographers and anthropologists.

UCD 5 main stages

1. research

2. concept examining

3. iterative testing

4. implementation

5. launch

inclusive design

means designing universally accesible products for all users (of any impairements/disabilities)

if a product has usability it is

intuitive

intuitive design objectives

• usefulness

• effectiveness

• learnability

• likeability (attitude)

characteristics of usability

• simplicity

• ease of use

• organisation

• low memeory burden

• feedback

• affordance

• mapping

• constraints

population stereotypes

refer to the cultural differences and how they reflect the use of a product

User population

the range of users for a products or system

user populations vary by

culture, health, finance, society

user classification

populations that have characteristics that are simialr or different from other groups

why do desginers use user classifications

to determine personae

personae

are fictional constructs derived from ethnographic research

accurate personae are created by

gathering data from feedback, task analysis and prototyping

primary personae

are typical stakeholders

secondary personae

are those who may be affected by or beneffited from the use of the product

anti personae

are those who the product is not designed for .

use case diagrams

aim to capture the dynamic aspect of a system to gater usage requirements and display systems of operations

use paper prototyping

allows the user to interact with system interface for the designer to gather feedback;

• storyboarding

• scneario planning

primary research

is the collection and analysis of original informations;

• user trial

• user research

• product analysis

• observation

secondary research

involves the use of available research and information;

• literature research

• web research

quantitive data

uses data and statistics

qualitive data

uses characteristics

field research

means to collect primary data from the users environment

methods of extremes

collecting user research at the extreme ends of the spectrum

observation of user trials gives

first hand data on how users interact

interviews and questionanires

help with market research as well as understanding the individual user

focus groups

are selected people from a target audience to help guide the feedback

affinity diagrams

are a graphic toll designed to help organize unstructured ideas which were made by brainstorming or problem-solving

participatory design

involves users in design process to make them part of the decision making process rather than simply seeking their opinions

paper prototyping

is a low fidelity prototyping design, allowing users to be included

natural environments

are real world settings where users interact with a product in their usual context

usability labs

are controlled environments designed to observe and evaluate user interactions with a product under ‘test’ conditions

socio-pleasure

comes from a feeling of belonging to a social group

physio-pleasure

comes from touch, smell, sound, taste

psycho-pleasure

is the type of pleasure from the cognitiive discovery or knowledge that satisfies the intellect

ideo-pleasure

are linked to our ideals such as aesthetics, culture or values

design for emotion UCD

makes ucd more effective

Visceral

evokes inner instinct such as feeling and emotion

reflective

points to culture, how do we view the product

behavioural

how do we use it

design for emotion

a design strategy focuses on increasing user engagement, loyalty, and satisfaction with a product by incorporating emotion and personality

attract-coverse-transact (ACT) model

aesthetics-interactions-function.