bio protein synthesis

Where does transcription occur?

In the Nucleus

What is Step 1 Transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to the start of the gene

What is step 2 of Transcription?

RNA polymerase moves along DNA separating the 2 strands

Step 3 of Transcription

One stand of DNA serves as the template strand

4 stamp of transcription

RNA nucleotides pair up with dna template stand. Adds Uracil instead of Thymine

Step 5 of Transcription

Hydrogen bonds form between the two stands

Step 6 of transcription

RNA nucleotides join together with covalent bonds and sugar phosphate backbone

Step 7 of transcription

Once RNA strand is complete, it will detach from DNA and form single strand helix shap

Step 8 of transcription

RNA will leave nucleus and join the ribosome in cytoplasm.

Where does Translation take place?

In the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Step one of translation

Initiation

Initiation step 1

mRNA attaches to small ribosomal subunit

Initiation step B

First tRNA molecule attaches to P-Site by complementary base paring between anticodon and mRNA start condon

Initiation step c

Large subunit binds completely with ribosomal mRNA complex

What is second step of translation?

Elongation

Elongation step A

tRNA with anti-codon attaches to complementary codon of mRNA in A-Site

Elongation B

Amino acids join together by peptide bond

Elongation step C

First tRNA will move to site E of ribosome and leave

Elongation step D

The ribosome then shifts one codon so another tRNA can attach to A-Site and second to P-site

Elongation step E

The amino acid that is carried to A-site will join the growing chain and continue the process

What is step 3 of translation?

Termination

Termination step A

Stop codon is reached when there is no complementary tRNA anti-codon

Termination step B

This signals the protein is completed and protein, mRNA, tRNA and two subunits of ribosome come apart.