VIBS 222: Aflatoxins and Ergot

What is a PRODRUG?

metabolized to active drug

What is a PROCARCINOGEN?

metabolized to active carcinogen

What is an EXAMPLE of a procarcinogen?

PAHs

What are the COFACTORS for cytochrome P450s?

oxygen

NADPH

Where are CYPs located at?

smooth ER of cells

What are some ROLES of cytochrome P450S?

drug metabolism

production of fatty acids and hormones

Why does POST-HARVEST problems occur?

crop rotation

resistance

irrigation

What are some ways to CHEMICALLY control aflatoxins?

fungicides

mycotoxin inhibitors

What is the LIMIT for consuming aflatoxins?

20 ppb

What is the limit for consuming aflatoxins for INFANTS?

0.1 ppb

What is BENTONITE clays?

negatively charged clay used in remediation due to ability to bind/absorb aflatoxin

What is ERGOT?

mycotoxin produced by Claviceps purpurea

What is the MOST commonly affected plant from ergot?

rye

What are SCLEROTIA?

hardened masses that replace the plant seed

produces ergot alkaloids

When was ERGOTISM at its peak?

13th and 18th century

When was the FIRST recorded case of ergot poisoning?

944AD

Which COUNTRIES had lots of Ergot and WHY?

france, germany, russia

relied on rye

Which climates are best for ergot to GROW?

cold and damp climate

What was the MOST common source of ergot exposure?

dietary

moldy bread

What are the 3 CATEGORIES of alkaloids?

vasoconstrictors

neuroactive

uterotonic