Viruses and Viral Diseases

what is a virus?

infectious microscopic organism

what is the capsid of a virus?

protein coat

what is the capsomere of a virus?

subunit of the protein coat

what is the nucleic acid of a virus?

single or double stranded RNA or DNA

what is the viral envelope of a virus?

trilaminar lipid membrane surrounding the capsid

what is a viroid?

infects plants; single stranded RNA; no protein coat; smaller than a virus

what virus is in the adenovirdae family?

adenovirus

what virus is in the papiloomaviridae?

papillomavirus

what viruses falls in the herpesviridae family?

herpes simplex

varicella zoster

cytomegalovirus

epstein barr

what virus falls in the poxviridae family?

smallpox

molluscum contagiosum virus

what virus falls in the hepadnviridae?

hepatitis B virus

what viruses fall in the paramyxoviridae family?

measles

mumps

RSV

what viruses fall in the orthomyxoviridae family?

influenza A, B, C

what virus fall in the cornaviridae family?

coronavirus

what virus falls in the rhabdoviridae family?

rabies

what viruses fall in the filoviridae family?

ebola and marbung

what virus falls in the bunyaviridae family?

hantavirus

what viruses fall in the reoviridae family?

reovirus and rotavirus

what viruses fall in the picronaviridae family?

thinovirus

poliovirus

ECHO virus

coxsackie virus

what viruses fall in the togaviridae family?

rubella

western and eastern encephalitis

what viruses fall in the flavivirdae be family?

dengue

yellow fever

St. Louis encephalitis

what virus falls in the caliciviridae family?

norwalk

how are viruses most commonly transmitted?

via the respiratory system

what virus is spread by mosquitos?

arboviruses

what virus is spread by sex or IV drugs?

AIDS

what virus is spread by oral fecal route?

polio

what virus is spread by bite from an infected animal?

rabies

what virus is spread by skin or causal contact?

warts

how is hepatitis A spread?

oral fecal

how is hepatitis B spread?

sex or IV drugs

how is hepatitis C spread?

tattoos or blood transfusions

how is hepatitis D spread?

co-infection with hep B

how is hepatitis E spread?

oral fecal

is someone infected with hepatitis A a carrier for life?

no

is someone infected with hepatitis B a carrier for life?

yes

is someone infected with hepatitis C a carrier for life?

yes

is someone infected with hepatitis D a carrier for life?

yes

is someone infected with hepatitis E a carrier for life?

no

what is the sequelae of hepatitis A?

none

what is the sequelae of hepatitis B?

liver cancer

what is the sequelae of hepatitis C?

liver cancer

what is the sequelae of hepatitis D?

liver cancer

is hepatitis A RNA or DNA?

RNA

is hepatitis B RNA or DNA?

DNA

is hepatitis C RNA or DNA?

RNA

is hepatitis D RNA or DNA?

RNA

is hepatitis B RNA or DNA?

RNA

how are arboviruses spread?

to people from bite from infected insect

what is the vector for west nile?

mosquito

what is the vector for eastern, western, and St Louis equine encephalitis?

mosquito

what is the vector yellow fever?

aedes agypti mosquito

what is the vector for dengus fever?

mosquito

what is the first sign of dengue fever?

arthralgia

what is the vector for zika virus?

aedes agypti mosquito

what is the vectro for chikungyuna virus?

aedes agypti mosquito

what is type 1 herpes?

oral contact causes fever blisters/cold sores

where is type 1 herpes latent?

trigeminal ganglion aka gasserion ganglion

what is type 2 herpes?

sexual contact causes genital herpes

what is herpes zoster?

shingles

where does shingles remain latent?

in dorsal root ganglion

what is true of shingles?

follows dermatomal pattern and does not cross midline

what is molluscum contagiosum?

smal and raised white, pink or flesh colored with pit in center

what is congenital rubella?

results from maternal infection of rubella during pregnancy

what is the aka for rubella?

german measles or 3-day measles

what does rubeola create?

koplik spots in buccal mucosa and gives cough, coryza and conjunctivitis

what is vaccinia?

cowpox

what is varicella zoster?

chickenpox

what does chickenpox present with?

maculopapular, vesicular rash

what is variola?

smallpox

what is the inclusion body for smallpox?

guarneri bodies

what does coxsackie cause?

childhood dysentery and hand, foot and mouth disease

what does echovirus cause?

skin rashes and heart disease

what is the transmission of hantavirus?

rodents

what is the transmission of polio?

oral fecal

what does polio affect?

anterior horn of the spinal cord

what does adenovirus cause?

conjunctivitis and pharyngitis

what is an antigenic drift?

creates influenza viruses with slightly modified antigens

what is an antigenic shift?

creates influenza viruses from entirely new antigens

what is rhinovirus?

common cold

what causes mumps?

cytomegalic paramyxovirus

what does mumps cause?

parotits which may lead to Bell’s Palsy and can lead to sterility

what does RSV cause?

croup and bronchiolitis

what is cytomegalovirus?

latent/persistent infection that causes birth defects and disseminated disease in AIDS patients

what causes reye’s syndrome?

negative reaction to aspirin taken for a viral infection

what does reye’s syndrome cause?

fatty liver and encephalopathy

what is the cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients?

pneumocystis carnii

what is the most common parasitic and protozoal infection in AIDS patients?

toxoplasmosis

what is the #1 death by cancer for AIDS patients?

kaposi sarcoma

what does ebola cause?

flu like symptoms that lead to hemorrhagic fever