period 2 APUSH

"How did colonists resist the Navigation Acts?"

"Colonists resisted the Navigation Acts through smuggling, forming boycotts against British goods, and advocating for greater autonomy in trade."

"Describe how mercantilism benefited the colonies."

"Mercantilism benefited the colonies by providing them with protection from foreign competition and ensuring a market for their raw materials."

"What did the Southern British colonies export in transatlantic trade?"

"The Southern British colonies exported cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo to England and other markets."

"Compare the outcomes of King Philip's War and the Pueblo Revolt."

"The outcomes differed significantly, with King Philip's War resulting in a loss for Native Americans, while the Pueblo Revolt was a temporary success in resisting European control."

"Explain how the Great Awakening contributed to democracy in the colonies."

"The Great Awakening encouraged individualism and personal interpretation of faith, which translated into a greater demand for political participation and democratic ideals among the colonists."

"Explain the importance of developing reading, writing, and reasoning skills for exams."

"These skills are crucial for analyzing historical documents and articulating arguments effectively, which are essential components of success on exams like the AP Exam."

"In which region of the British North American colonies was the highest concentration of slaves found, and why?"

"The highest concentration of slaves was found in the Southern colonies due to the labor-intensive nature of cash crop agriculture, such as tobacco and cotton."

"Define the relationship between knowing the review sheet content and test performance."

"Knowing everything on the review sheet does not guarantee a 100% score on the test, as indicated by a true or false statement."

"Explain the significance of the years when Period 2 begins and ends."

"The specific years marking the beginning and end of Period 2 are significant for understanding historical events and developments during that time."

"How did mercantilism benefit Britain?"

"Mercantilism benefited Britain by ensuring a steady supply of raw materials from the colonies and providing a guaranteed market for British manufactured goods."

"Identify groups excluded from participating in colonial governments."

"Groups such as women, enslaved individuals, and non-property owners were typically excluded from participating in colonial governments."

"Describe the purpose of review sheets in exam preparation."

"Review sheets summarize essential information from the unit, helping students focus their study efforts while reminding them that all material from the textbook is relevant for tests."

"Describe two specific interactions between Jamestown settlers and Native Americans."

Jamestown settlers first received help from Native Americans, including food and guidance from the Powhatan tribe. Later the Anglo-Powhatan Wars,.

"Identify the outcome of Metacom’s War."

The outcome of Metacom’s War was a decisive victory for the English colonists, resulting in the death of Metacom (King Philip) and the collapse of Native resistance in New England. Thousands of Native Americans were killed, captured, or sold into slavery, and the war marked a turning point that gave colonists greater control over the region.

"Explain the causes of Metacom’s War (King Philip's War)."

Metacom’s War, also known as King Philip’s War, was caused by growing tensions over land, unfair treatment, and cultural suppression as English settlers expanded into Native territory. Metacom and his allies fought to defend their land and way of life, but the war ended in devastating losses for Indigenous peoples.

"How did European colonization motivations differ among the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English?"

🇪🇸 Spain

• Wanted gold and silver

• Spread Catholicism

• Built large empires with forced labor

🇫🇷 France

• Focused on fur trade

• Sent missionaries, but were more peaceful

• Made alliances with Native tribes

🇳🇱 Netherlands (Dutch)

• Came for trade and profit

• Set up ports and cities like New Amsterdam

• Were tolerant and business-minded

🇬🇧 England

• Wanted land and farming

• Some came for religious freedom

• Created permanent settlements

"Define mercantilism."

Mercantilism is an economic system where countries try to get rich by exporting more than they import and building up their supply of gold and silver. It was popular in Europe from the 1500s to the 1700s and often involved strict control over trade and colonies.

"Do distance from Britain and geographic characteristics influence the development of representative governments in the colonies?"

"Yes, the distance from Britain allowed colonies to develop their own governance structures, as communication and control from the crown were limited."

"Explain the impact of Bacon's Rebellion on the development of slavery in the British colonies."

Whoa, if these folks are this mad without even having land rights, imagine the havoc if they turn against us?" They realized that a united front of poor whites and enslaved Africans was a direct threat to their control. This spurred them to entrench racial divisions, making slavery strictly race-based, to ensure that poor whites wouldn't ally with enslaved people again. It's a classic divide and conquer strategy, born out of fear of a united uprising. The impact was massive and long-lasting on the fabric of American society. Quite the historical wake-up call, wasn’t it?

"Explain the role of transatlantic print culture in the Anglicization of the colonies."

"Transatlantic print culture spread English literature, ideas, and news, helping to shape colonial identity and cultural practices in line with English norms."

"Describe two ways in which slave communities showed resistance and preserved autonomy."

"Slave communities often resisted through cultural practices, such as maintaining African traditions and languages, and through acts of rebellion or escape."

"List two colonies founded on ideas of religious tolerance and discuss their limitations."

"Pennsylvania and Rhode Island were founded on religious tolerance, but limitations included restrictions on certain religious practices and the exclusion of non-Christian groups."

"How did the Middle Colonies demonstrate greater tolerance for religious freedom compared to other regions?"

"The Middle Colonies had a diverse population with various religious groups, leading to a more accepting environment for different beliefs."

"How did triangular trade contribute to the increase in the use of African slave labor in the colonies?"

"Triangular trade contributed to the increase in African slave labor by creating a demand for labor-intensive cash crops in the colonies, leading to the importation of enslaved Africans."

"Explain how mercantilism limited trade in the colonies."

"Mercantilism limited trade in the colonies by restricting them to trade only with Britain and its other colonies, preventing them from trading freely with other nations."

"Discuss the impact of Metacom’s War on Native Americans."

Metacom’s War had devastating consequences for Native Americans in New England. Thousands were killed, villages were destroyed, and survivors faced displacement, enslavement, or forced relocation. The war shattered tribal power, leading to the loss of land, autonomy, and influence, and marked a turning point where English colonists gained dominance over the region.

"Define the Enlightenment and its significance in colonial America."

"The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights, significantly influencing colonial ideas about government and society."

"What did the Northern British colonies export in transatlantic trade?"

"The Northern British colonies exported products such as fish, timber, and rum to England and other markets."

"Describe the role of the West Indies in transatlantic trade."

"The West Indies played a crucial role by exporting sugar and molasses to Britain, which were key commodities in the triangular trade."

"How did the Great Awakening change the colonists’ relationship with British imperial authority?"

"The Great Awakening fostered a sense of independence and questioning of traditional authority, leading colonists to challenge British imperial control and assert their rights."

"Describe the impact of the First Great Awakening on colonial society."

"The First Great Awakening led to increased religious fervor, the establishment of new denominations, and a questioning of traditional authority, impacting social and political dynamics."

"What was the role of Africa in transatlantic trade?"

"Africa was primarily involved in the transatlantic trade by supplying enslaved Africans to the Americas, which fueled the labor force for plantations."

"Explain what Bacon's Rebellion illustrated about relations between Native Americans and white settlers."

"Bacon's Rebellion illustrated the growing tensions and conflicts between Native Americans and white settlers, highlighting the settlers' aggressive expansionist desires and the resulting violence."

"Define Anglicization of the colonies and its contributing factors."

"Anglicization refers to the process by which the colonies adopted English cultural practices, influenced by transatlantic print culture, trade, Protestant evangelicalism, and Enlightenment ideas."

"Describe two reasons why indentured servitude was eventually replaced by African slavery in the British colonies."

"Indentured servitude was replaced by African slavery due to the declining number of willing indentured servants and the increasing profitability and availability of enslaved Africans."

"Define indentured servitude."

"Indentured servitude is a labor system where individuals worked for a fixed term, usually 4 to 7 years, in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom."

"How did the Pueblo Revolt reflect Native American resistance to European labor systems?"

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 reflected Native American resistance to European labor systems by rejecting the Spanish encomienda system, which forced Pueblo people into harsh, unpaid labor and religious conversion. Led by Popé, the revolt was a coordinated uprising that expelled Spanish colonizers from New Mexico for over a decade, showing Indigenous determination to reclaim autonomy, culture, and control over their work and lives.

"Describe one way chattel slavery became institutionalized in the colonies."

"Chattel slavery became institutionalized through the establishment of laws that defined enslaved individuals as property, allowing for their ownership and trade."

"Explain the significance of religious tolerance in the founding of certain colonies."

"Colonies founded on ideas of religious tolerance, such as Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, allowed for diverse religious practices, although limits existed, such as restrictions on certain sects."

"Describe the causes of Bacon's Rebellion."

Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 was caused by tensions between poor settlers and wealthy colonial leaders in Virginia. Settlers were angry over limited access to land, high taxes, and Governor Berkeley’s refusal to protect them from Native American attacks.

"How did major economic activities differ among the regions of the thirteen colonies?"

"New England focused on trade and fishing, the Middle Colonies on agriculture and commerce, and the Southern Colonies on plantation agriculture."

"How did the Enlightenment encourage colonial resistance to British imperial authority?"

"The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and individual rights inspired colonists to question British rule and advocate for self-governance, leading to increased resistance against imperial policies."

"Describe the impact of the Great Awakening on religion in the colonies."

"The Great Awakening led to a surge in religious fervor, promoting emotional and personal connections to faith, which resulted in the growth of new denominations and a decline in the authority of established churches."

"What strategies can help improve SAQ and document analysis skills?"

"The ACE and HAPP-Y strategies are recommended for enhancing skills in short answer questions and document analysis."

"Describe the role of England in transatlantic trade."

England played a key role in transatlantic trade by controlling the triangular trade system, which brought wealth through the exchange of goods, enslaved Africans, and raw materials. This helped England grow its economy and expand its colonial power.

"Discuss the impact of the Enlightenment on the colonists’ ideas about government."

"The Enlightenment promoted ideas of natural rights, social contracts, and the separation of powers, shaping colonists' views on governance and their expectations for political representation."

"Explain how the exchanges between the colonies and Britain demonstrated mercantilism."

"The exchanges showed mercantilism by illustrating how the colonies provided raw materials to Britain, which in turn supplied finished goods back to the colonies, reinforcing economic dependency."