Protein Synthesis

transcription

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

translation

the process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome

codon

sequence of three bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

complementary base pairing

In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C;

RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C

ribosome

organelles at which proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm.

adenine

pairs with uracil in RNA

nitrogenous bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail

deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

ribose

sugar in RNA

nucleotide

consists of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

mRNA

Carries the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes where the proteins are assembled.

tRNA

type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

amino acids

building blocks of proteins made during the translation step of synthesis

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

the nucleus

the place where transcription takes place

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait