Understanding Bits and Bytes

Binary digit or bit

A digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer’s switches. Contains a value of 0 or 1.

Binary language

The language computers use to process information consisting of only the digits 0 and 1.

Byte

Eight binary digits (or bits).

Computer

A data processing device that performs four major functions: gathers inputs, processes, outputs, and stores.

Data

Numbers, words, pictures, or sounds that represent facts, figures, or ideas.

Gigabyte (GB)

About 1 billion bytes.

Hertz (Hz)

Machine cycles per second

Information

Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion.

Kilobyte (KB)

Approximately 1,000 bytes.

Megabyte (MB)

About 1 million bytes.

Terabyte (TB)

About 1 trillion bytes.

Petabyte (PB)

Approximately 1,000 terabytes.

Processing

Manipulating, calculating, or organizing data into information.