US History Chapter 10 Test

revolution of 1800

Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their congressional majority and the presidency.

judiciary act of 1801

Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships, ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.

midnight judges

Federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency.

marbury vs madison of 1803

Supreme Court case that established the principle of 'judicial review'—the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.

tripolitan war

Four-year conflict between the American navy and the North African nation over piracy in the Mediterranean.

louisiana purchase

Acquisition of Louisiana Territory from France, which more than doubled the territory of the United States.

corps of discovery

Team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory.

orders in council

Edicts issued by the British crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping.

impressment

Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen.

chesapeake affair

Conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo.

embargo act of 1807

Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, banning the export of all goods from the United States.

non-intercourse act of 1809

Passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but Britain and France.

macon's bill no. 2

Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, stipulating that the U.S. would reinstate the embargo against the nonrepealing nation.

war hawks

Democratic-Republican congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain.

battle of tippecanoe of 1811

Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa at the hands of William Henry Harrison.

thomas jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence and one of the leaders of the Democratic-Republican party, he advocated a limited role for the national government, particularly in the area of finance. As president, he oversaw significant expansion of the federal state through the purchase of Louisiana Territory and the enactment of the Embargo of 1807.

sally hemings

One of Thomas Jefferson's slaves on his plantation in Monticello.

albert gallatin

Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1813 under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

john marshall

Chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 until 1835.

samuel chase

Federalist Supreme Court justice who drew the ire of Jeffersonian Republicans for his biting criticism of Republican policies.

napoleon bonaparte

French emperor who waged a series of wars against his neighbors on the European continent.

robert livingston

American statesman who served as minister to France and negotiated the purchase of Louisiana Territory.

toussaint l'ouverture

Haitian revolutionary who led a successful slave uprising and helped establish an independent Haiti.

meriwether lewis

American soldier and explorer who led the famous expedition through Louisiana Territory.

william clark

Explorer who joined Meriwether Lewis in leading the expedition of Louisiana Territory.

sacajawea

Shoshone guide who led Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their exploration of the American West.

aaron burr

Revolutionary War soldier and vice president under Thomas Jefferson.

james wilkinson

Military governor of Louisiana Territory who conspired with Aaron Burr.

james madison

Principal author of the Constitution and fourth president of the United States.

tecumseh

Accomplished Shawnee warrior who sought to establish a confederacy of Indian tribes.

tenskwatawa

Shawnee religious leader who led a spiritual revival, emphasizing Indian unity and cultural renewal.

what was tenskwatawa known as

the prophet