Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Socio-cultural, Evolutionary, and Gestalt Perspectives in Psychology

This set of flashcards covers key terms and definitions related to several psychological perspectives addressing cognitive, humanistic, existential, socio-cultural, evolutionary, and gestalt theories.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A form of therapy that aims to change negative thought patterns influencing emotions and behaviors.

Schemas

Mental frameworks that shape how we perceive the world.

Cognitive Triad

A concept in cognitive therapy that refers to negative views about the self, the world, and the future.

All-or-Nothing Thinking

A cognitive distortion where one sees things in black-and-white terms.

Overgeneralization

A cognitive distortion that involves drawing broad conclusions from a single event.

Mental Filter

A cognitive distortion that focuses only on the negative aspects of a situation.

Jumping to Conclusions

A cognitive distortion where one makes assumptions without evidence.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A type of cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on changing irrational beliefs.

ABC Model

A framework in REBT where A is the Activating event, B is the Beliefs about the event, and C is the Consequences.

Humanistic Psychology

A psychological perspective that emphasizes personal growth and the inherent goodness of people.

Self-Actualization

The realization of one's fullest potential and personal growth.

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s five-tier model of human needs, from basic survival needs to self-actualization.

Congruence

The alignment between an individual’s real self and their ideal self.

Existential Psychology

A branch of psychology that focuses on individual experience, freedom, and the search for meaning.

Phenomenal Field

A person's subjective reality, including all they are aware of.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.

Social Norms

Unspoken rules that guide behavior in social settings.

Implicit Bias

Unconscious associations or attitudes toward a group of people.

Natural Selection

The process through which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common.

Altruism

The selfless concern for the well-being of others, often at a personal cost.

Gestalt Psychology

A psychological approach that emphasizes understanding perceptions as wholes rather than parts.

Phi Phenomenon

The illusion of movement perceived when individual images are shown in rapid succession.

Figure-Ground Principle

A perceptual distinction between an object and its background.