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128 Terms
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inference
a prediction or conclusion made by using evidence and details
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observation
using your senses to identify things around you
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graphs
shows data visibly so it’s easy to read and interpret
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graphing relationships
direct, indirect, and cyclic
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positive exponents
large numbers have
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negative exponents
small numbers have
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density
amount of matter in an object
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buoyancy
the ability of an object to float or sink
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rate of change
how quickly something changes over time
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change in value over change in time
rate of change formula
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layers on earth
lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
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north to south
lines of latitude run
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east to west
lines of longitude
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time is less
when you travel west…
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time is more
time increase
time increase
when you travel east…
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equatorial
which one's bigger earth’s equatorial diameter or polar diameter
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layers in the earth
crust, mantle, outer-core, inner-core\`
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equator
where would you weigh less the north pole or equator?
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increases
as you travel north the altitude of polaris
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decreases
as you travel south the altitude of polaris
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altitude
height above sea level or above a certain point
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topographic maps
maps that use contour lines to represent the shape of land
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isoline
line that connects different elevations
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windward
which side of the mountain is wet and cold?
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leeward
which side of the mountain is dry and warm?
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cool and moist air rises and condenses
how does a cloud form?
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classification
grouping objects or events
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mass
the amount of matter in an object
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volume
the amount of space an object occupies
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as a solid
objects are most dense
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decreases
as temperature increases what happens to density
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4 degrees celsius as a liquid
water is most dense around what temperature and phase
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12
the duration of insolation is __ hours on the equinox
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intensity
as the sun’s angle increases the sun’s ____increases
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south
in NYS an observer must always look _____ to see the noon sun.
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zenith (90 degrees)
The sun is never at an observer ____ in NYS
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more energy
black objects absorb _____ than white
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always 12
the duration of insolation at the equator is ___ hours
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more energy
objects with a rough surface absorb ____ than smooth surfaces
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5 billion
our solar system formed around ___ years ago from a giant cloud of gas and debris
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density
gravity causes the planets to become layered according to_____
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small rocky, dense, located near the sun
the terrestrial planets have what characteristics
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large, gaseous, low denisty, located far away from the sun.
the jovian planets have what characterstics
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farthest (jovian)
the planets that are ___ from the sun have a longer period of revolution.
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earth’s crust
impact craters can be identified in _____
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mass extinctions and global climate change
impact events have bee correlated with ____
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the stars
people have observed _____ for thousands of years, using them to find direction, note the passage of time, and to express their values and traditions.
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direct
as x increases y also increases
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indirect
as x increases y decreases
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increases (molecules move closer together)
as temperature decreases density…
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increases (molecules move closer together)
as pressure increases density
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decreases
as temperature increases density…
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decreases
as pressure decreases density…
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stays the same
if you break an object into smaller pieces density…
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cyclic ( most relationships)
increases then decreases over and over in a pattern
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dynamic equilibrium
changes are occurring but overall equal out
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upper troposphere
the jetstream is in the…
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stratosphere
the ozone layer is in the…
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70%
approximently ___ of earth’s surface is covered by a relatively thin layer of water.
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precipitation over millions of years
earth’s ocean formed as a result of…
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density differences
earth and the other planets become layered because of
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hydrosphere
water (oceans)
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lithosphere
earth’s crust
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atmosphere
layers of gases
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greater
gravitational attraction is ___ when the masses are larger
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closer
gravitational attraction is greater when objects are….
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oblate spheriod
bc the earth bulges slightly at the equator the poles are slightly flattened at the poles, it is an…
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more (bc they are closer to the center of earth)
a person would weigh ___ at the poles
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ping pong or cue ball
the best model of earth’s shape is…
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latitude
___ is based upon our observations of the sun and stars
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longitude
____ is based upon earth’s rotation of 15/ degrees per hour and the sun’s apparent motion
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equator
at 0 degrees latitude
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prime meridian
at 0 degrees longitude
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poles
at 90 degrees latitude
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number and direction (42 degrees north)
when describing latitude or longitude you must give the …
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60 minutes
one degree is divided into
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polaris
north star
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the earths axis of rotation (north pole)
polaris is located directly above…
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your latitude
the angle of polaris is equal to ____ in the northern hempisphere
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measurement of angle in degrees
when describing the altitude of polaris do not give a direction only give the___
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stays the same
if u stay on the same latitude line polaris…
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increases
as a persons latitude increases the altitude of polaris
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local time
locations on the same latitude line have the same
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0 degrees longitude (prime meridian)
greenwich england is at
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the international date line
0 degrees longitude
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is less
when you travel west time…
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will increase
when you travel east time…
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rotation
provides a basis for our system of local time
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the rotation of earth
to people on earth ____ makes it seems as though the sum, moon and stars are moving around earth once a day
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contour lines
topographic maps represent landforms though the use of
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equal elevation
contour lines are isolines connecting points of
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contour interval
the ___ is the difference in value between two contour lines
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point upstream
contour lines that cross a stream form V-shapes that
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changes in elevation over a given distance
gradients can be determined from
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changes in elevation over a given distance
profiles can be determined from
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regular a predictable
most objects in the solar system are in ____ motion
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faster
the closer a planet is to the sun the ___ its velocity as it orbits….
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foci
all planets orbit in elliptical shaped orbits with the sun at one ___
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icreases (closer to 1)
as the distance between foci increases the eccentricity…
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larger
the apparent diameter of objects gets ____ when they are closer
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