PE QUIZ

Anterior (ventral) 

Toward the foot

Posterior (dorsal)

  toward the back

Superior

toward the head

Inferior

Away from the head

Medial 

toward the midline of the body

Lateral 

away from the midline of the body

Proximal

toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Distal

away from the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body

Superficial

 external; located close to or on the body surface

Deep

 internal; located further beneath the body surface than the superficial structure

Cervical

regional term referring to the neck

Thoracic

regional term referring to the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen; also known as the chest (thorax)

Lumbar

regional term referring to the portion of the back between the  abdomen and the pelvis

Plantar

the sole or bottom of the feet

Dorsal

the top surface of the feet or hands

Palmar

the anterior or ventral surface of the hands

Sagittal Plane

 a longtitudinal (imaginary) line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections

Frontal Plane

a longtitudinal (imaginary) section that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; lies at a right angle to the sagittal plane

Transverse Plane

also known as the horizontal plane; an imaginary line that divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior sections

Sagittal

1. Flexion

2. Extension

3. Dorsiflexion

4. Plantarflexion

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones

Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones

Dorsiflexion

Moving the top of the foot toward the shin (only at the ankle joint)

Plantarflexion

Moving the sole of the foot downward; “pointing the toes” (only at the ankle)

Frontal

1. Abduction

2. Adduction

3. Elevation

4. Depression

5. Inversion

6. Eversion

Abduction

Motion away from the midline of the body (or part)

Adduction

Motion toward the midline of the body (or part)

Elevation

Moving to a superior position (only at the scapula)

Depression

Moving to an inferior position (only at the scapula)

Inversion

Lifting the medial border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Eversion

Lifting the lateral border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Transverse

1. Rotation

2. Pronation

3. Supination

4. Horizontal Flexion

5. Horizontal Extension

Rotation

Internal (inward) or external (outward) turning about the vertical axis of the bone

Pronation

Rotating the hand and wrist medially from the elbow

Supination

Rotating the hand and wrist laterally from the elbow

Horizontal flexion (adduction)

From a 90-degree abducted shoulder or hip position, the humerus or femur, respectively, is flexed (adducted) toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Horizontal extension (abduction)

The return of the humerus or femur from the horizontal flexion (adduction)

Multiplanar

1. Circumduction

2. Opposition

Circumduction

Motion that describes a ‘cone’; combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in sequence

Opposition

Thumb movement unique to humans and primates

Head and Neck

1. forehead

2. temples

3. eyes

4. nose

5. cheeks

6. mouth

7. ears

8. whole neck area

Front of Trunk (Anterior)

1. Chest

2. Diaphragm

3. abdomen

4. navel

Back of Trunk (Posterior)

1. Shoulder blades

2. Mid back

3. Lower back

Arms

1. Upper arm

2. elbow

3. forearm

4. wrist

5. hands

6. fingers

Legs

1. Thigh

2. knee

3. lower leg (shin, calf)

4. ankle

5. foot

6. sole (heel, ball)

7. toes

Shoulder girdle (Pectoral)

1. Connects arms to trunk

Hip girdle (Pelvic)

connects leg to trunk