Impacts of Changing Trends in Resource Consumption: Waste

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16 Terms

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Landfill

Methane produced by bacteria decomposing waste, toxic chemicals leach into soil and water

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Incineration + EFW

CO2 and toxic emissions, residue left over, 2% of electricity in Switzerland comes from incineration

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Re-Use

Esp. glass —> energy inefficient to recycle

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Ship Breaking

Alang and Chittagong, cruisers and ocean liners scrapped and re used, very dangerous to workers

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Export

LEDCs import waste from MEDCs to landfill, Western plastics ‘poisoing Indonesian food chain’, China banned import of waste plastic in 2018

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E-Waste

Electronic waste, 50 million tons per year(2021), difficult to dissassemble so difficult to recycle, sent to places with less strict environmental regulations

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Agbogbloshie

Suburb of Accra, world’s largest e-waste dump, life expectancy 25

  • lead levels 4x higher than U.S standards

  • cadmium

  • arsenic

  • flame retardants

  • phthalates

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Moore’s Law

Computer processing speed will double every 18 months, therefore every 18 months a new product comes out

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Toxics in Toxics Out

Toxic chemical goes into our products(e.g. PVC) and are released when waste is disposed of

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Basel Convention

1989 convention on the control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, phones+laptops+plastics not considered hazardous

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Externalities

Things companies don’t include on their balance sheet e.g. waste and pollution

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Recycle Logo Controversy

The ‘Resin Identification Code’ is a number inside the ‘recyclable’ symbol, only number 1(PET) is actually recyclable

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Planned Obsolescence

Built to not be durable or to need upgrades so that the consumer needs to buy more often

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Linear Economy

Extraction → Production → Distribution → Consumption → Disposal

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Types of Waste

  • solid

  • recyclable/reusable

  • liquid

  • gaseous

  • bio-degradable/organic

  • medical

  • construction

  • hazardous

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Centennial Bulb

From the first generation of lightbulbs, filament so strong it never broke to they changed the design to sell more

Incandescent → CFL → LED