A 4.2

Biodiversity

The variety of life in all its forms, levels, and combinations.

Ecosystem Diversity

Variety in the combination of species living together in communities.

Species Diversity

The many different species on the evolutionary tree of life.

Genetic Diversity

Variety in the gene pool of each species, including variation between populations.

Mass Extinction

A period in which a substantial number of species become extinct in a relatively short time.

Anthropogenic

Relating to or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.

Overharvesting

The process of harvesting a resource to the point of diminishing returns, leading to extinction.

Habitat Destruction

The process of destroying natural habitats, leading to loss of biodiversity.

Invasive Species

Non-native species that spread in a new environment and can harm native species.

Pollution

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment, causing adverse effects.

Global Climate Change

Rapid changes in climate patterns caused primarily by human activities.

In Situ Conservation

Conservation of species in their natural habitats.

Ex Situ Conservation

Preservation of species outside their natural habitats, such as in zoos or seed banks.

Population Size

The number of individuals of a species in a specific area.

Simpson’s Diversity Index

A measure of biodiversity that accounts for both species richness and evenness.

EDGE of Existence

A conservation prioritization program focusing on evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species.

Rewilding

The process of returning degraded ecosystems to a natural state.

Biodiversity Crisis

The significant and unprecedented loss of species and ecosystems occurring today.

Citizen Science

Public involvement in scientific research, often contributing to data collection and monitoring.