Key Concepts in Marxist Theory

A compilation of important questions and answers reflecting the key concepts from the lecture on Marxist theory and ideology.

What is ideology according to Karl Marx?

Ideology is a representation of reality individuals use to justify their identity and social existence.

What are the forms of ideology mentioned in the lecture?

Forms of ideology include state, nationalism, religion, commodity fetishism, and celebrity folk culture.

How does ideology facilitate alienation?

Ideology conceals the reality of social relations and justifies social domination.

What is alienated labor according to Marx?

In a capitalist society, alienated labor refers to the situation where the worker's labor is objectified and confronts them as an alien being.

List the four forms of workers' alienation identified by Marx.

1) Dispossession of the product of their labor; 2) Lack of autonomy; 3) Isolation from professional communities; 4) Separation from other aspects of existence.

What is the difference between 'class in itself' and 'class for itself'?

'Class in itself' is unorganized and unaware, while 'class for itself' is organized and aware of its historical conditions and interests.

What is commodity fetishism?

Commodity fetishism is an affection towards a commodity, attributing efficiency and significance beyond its material value.

According to Marx, what drives historical development in society?

Historical development is driven by the evolution of productive forces through successive revolutions.

What do social infrastructures and social superstructures refer to in Marxist theory?

Social infrastructures refer to economic relations, while social superstructures consist of cultural and political elements that are influenced by the economic base.

What does Marx suggest about the role of the modern state?

The modern state is an instrument serving the ruling class and represents a form of alienation.