Behavioral Neuroscience Final

System Variable

characteristic to be regulated

Set Point

optimal value of system variable

Detector

monitors value of system variable

Correctional Mechanism

restores system variable to set point

Osmometric Thirst

thirst produced by increase in osmotic pressure of IS fluid relative to IC fluid, produces

Volumetric Thirst

thirst produced by hypovelemia (blood plasma volume decrease)

Fasting Phase

pancreas stops producing insulin and secretes glucagon, liver draws in short term reservoir

Absorptive Phase

food is present in digestive tract, glucose rises, insulin secrets, fat is not used for fuel

Short Term Gastric Factor

entry of food into stomach; nutrient detectors, full feeling, satisfactor levels

Long Term Gastric Factors

signals from stored body fat, regulates body weight

Stimulus Response Learning

ability to perform particular behavior when particular stimulus is present

Motor Learning

establishes changes within motor systems following stimulus

Perceptual Learning

recognizing and categorizing previously perceived stimulus

Relational Learning

learning relationships among individual stimuli

Episodic Learning

remembering sequences of events that we witness

Short Term Memory

meaningful/salient information that lasts seconds to minutes

Long Term Memory

relatively permanent information that can be retrived for life

Non-Declarative memore

automatic behavior, i.e. riding a bike, throwing a ball, walking

Declarative Memory

events and facts we can talk and think about

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

consolidates declarative memories and links new information to existing knowledge

Role of Basal Ganglia in Memory

plays essential role in stimulus and motor learning

Role of Amygdala in Memory

adds emotional significance to memories

NMDA Recptors

controls Ca+ channels and strengthens synaptic transmission

AMPA Recptors

controls Na+ channels and produces EPSPs when opened

Broca’s Area

language production

Wernicke’s Area

language comprehension

Broca’s Aphasia

can comprehend, but struggles to produce

Wernicke’s Aphasia

can produce, but struggle to comprehend

Left Hemisphere

comprension and production

Right Hemisphere

prosody: rhythmic, emphatic melodic aspects of speech

Seizures

period of sudden, excessive activity of neurons in brain

Partial Seizures

begins at focus and remains local

Generalized Seizures

involves most of the brain

Hemorrhagic Stroke

caused by blockage/ruptured blood vessel/brain bleed

Ischemic Stroke

blood clot/material that obstructs blood flow

ALS

attacks spinal chord and cranial nerve motor neurons, affects executive funtion, working memory, language, social cognition

Multiple Sclerosis

immune system attacks myelin sheaths, loss of motor functions, easily fatigued, slow progression

Korsakoff

permanent anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine defiency

Positive Schizophrenia

present symptoms that should be absent, i.e. hallucination, delusions

Negative Schizophrenia

absent symptoms that should be present

Cognitive Schizophrenia

working memory deficits

PTSD Neural Correlates

hyperactive amygdala, hypoactive medial prefrontal cortex, reduced hippocampal volume

Neural Mechanisms of ASD

development of large amount of short-range axons inhibits development of long-range axon

Neural Mechanisms of ADHD

underactivity of dopaminergic transmission

LTP

long-term increase in excitabilty of neuron to particular synaptic input caused by high frequency activity