unit 4 H American History

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

A New Deal program that aimed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. Farmers were paid to limit production to stabilize the economy.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A public work relief program that provided jobs to young men in environmental conservation projects, such as reforestation and national park maintenance.

Court Packing Proposal

FDR's controversial plan to expand the Supreme Court by adding more justices who would support his New Deal policies, ultimately rejected by Congress.

Dorothea Lange

A famous photographer known for documenting the struggles of the Great Depression, particularly the hardships faced by migrant workers.

Eleanor Roosevelt

First Lady of the United States and an advocate for civil rights, social reform, and humanitarian efforts during the Great Depression and beyond.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

The 32nd U.S. President who implemented the New Deal to address the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

Fireside Chats

Radio broadcasts by FDR that communicated directly with the American public to explain policies and restore confidence in the government.

Glass-Steagall Act

A 1933 law that separated commercial and investment banking to prevent future financial collapses, leading to the creation of the FDIC.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st U.S. President, often blamed for the Great Depression due to his laissez-faire economic policies.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

A 1930 law that raised U.S. tariffs on imported goods, worsening the Great Depression by reducing international trade.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns built by unemployed Americans during the Great Depression, named mockingly after President Hoover.

Huey Long

A Louisiana senator and critic of FDR's New Deal, proposing the 'Share Our Wealth' program to redistribute wealth more equally.

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory advocating for government spending to stimulate demand and pull an economy out of recession, heavily influencing the New Deal.

Planned Scarcity

A strategy where the government limits production of certain goods to prevent surplus and maintain stable prices.

Mary McLeod Bethune

An African American educator and civil rights leader who advised FDR and was a key member of the Black Cabinet.

Mexican and Filipino Repatriation Program

A policy that led to the forced deportation of thousands of Mexican and Filipino immigrants during the Great Depression to reduce job competition.

National Industrial Recovery Administration (NIRA)

A New Deal agency that sought to regulate industry, wages, and working conditions but was later declared unconstitutional.

Schechter Poultry Case

A Supreme Court case that ruled the NIRA unconstitutional, limiting the power of the federal government over local businesses.

Social Security Act

A 1935 law establishing a social insurance program for retirees, the unemployed, and the disabled, laying the foundation for the modern welfare state.

The Black Cabinet

A group of African American advisors to FDR who worked to advance civil rights and economic opportunities for Black Americans.

The Dust Bowl

A severe drought in the 1930s that led to massive dust storms and forced many farmers to migrate west in search of work.

The New Deal

A series of programs and reforms launched by FDR to combat the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform efforts.

The Scottsboro Boys

A group of nine Black teenagers falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama, highlighting racial injustices in the legal system.

Veterans Bonus March

A protest by WWI veterans in 1932 demanding early payment of their promised bonuses, which was violently dispersed by the U.S. military.

Wagner Act

A 1935 law that protected workers' rights to unionize and collectively bargain, strengthening labor movements.

Welfare State

A government system in which the state provides social services such as unemployment benefits, healthcare, and pensions to support citizens.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A New Deal program that provided millions of jobs through public works projects, including infrastructure, art, and education initiatives.

Imperial Presidency

A term used to describe a president who takes significant power beyond constitutional limits, often applied to FDR due to his expanded executive actions during the New Deal and WWII.

John Steinbeck

An American author who wrote The Grapes of Wrath, a novel depicting the struggles of Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression.