Synovial Joints Overview - Chapter 9 Biology Study Guide

temporomandibular joint: TMJ

mandibular condyle articulate w/ temporal bone

types of movement?

hinge: depression/elevation of mandible

gliding: side-to-side grinding of teeth

what is the most easily dislocated joint in your body??

TMJ

joints at the shoulder

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral (the actual "shoulder joint" fr)

sternoclavicular joint

formed by? manubrium, sternal end of clavicle

class? saddle joint

types of movement possible? elevation, depression, circumduction

stability provided by? fibers, ligaments

has an articular disc partitioning joint into 2 pts = 2 syn cavities

what joint is stable and difficult to dislocate?

sternoclavicular

glenohumeral joint

formed by? head of humerus, glenoid cavity of scapula

class? ball-and-socket

reinforcing ligaments? coracohumeral & 3 glenohumeral

reinforcing muscle tendons? tendon of biceps brachii, 4 rotator cuff tendons

- socket encircled by fibroC glenoid labrum

- many bursae, decrease friction

what is the most unstable and frequently dislocated joint?

glenohumeral joint

coracohumeral ligament

helps support weight of upper limb

3 glenohumeral ligaments

weak, sometimes absent

reinforcing muscle tendons of shoulder joint

Tendon of the long head of biceps brachii:

Travels thru intertubercular groove,

Secures humerus to glenoid cavity

Four rotator cuff tendons:

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

what is the largest, most complex joint in body?

knee joint

elbow joint

formed by? 2 articulations in 1 capsule: humeroulnar joint & humeroradial joint

class? hinge

reinforcing ligaments? ulnar collateral, radial collateral, anular

humeroulnar joint

trochlear notch of ulna, trochlea of humerus

humeroradial joint

capitulum of humerus, head of radius

Extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid and olecranon of ulna

ulnar collateral ligament

Extends around head of radius

radial collateral ligament

surrounds neck of radius, binds radius head to ulna

anular ligament

hip/coxal joint

formed by? femoral head + acetabulum

class? ball-and-socket

reinforcing ligaments? iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral

+ ligamentum teres

fibrocartilage rim: acetabular labrum, deepens socket

ligamentum teres

fits into fovea capitis, CONTAINS ARTERY!!!!

knee joint

formed by? 3 joints in 1 cavity: femoropatellar, medial/lateral tibiofemoral

class? fp: plane, tf: f/e, rot

reinforcing ligaments? patellar, fibular collateral, tibial collateral, med/lat meniscus, ACL / PCL

other reinforcement? quadriceps femoris muscle tendon

femoropatellar joint

plane joint, allows gliding motion during knee flexion

lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints

2 condyles of the femur and 2 menisci of tibia

allow f/e + some rotation when knee partly flexed

the articular capsule of the knee joint only encloses

medial, lateral, posterior knee regions

quadriceps femoris muscle tendon

surrounds patella

passes over knee's anterior surface

the patellar ligament extends from

patella to tibial tuberosity

the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments

prevent HYPERabduction

(femur to tibia, femur to fibula)

the ACL and PCL

prevent hyperextension and displacement of tibia

the cruciate ligaments

cross each other, r deep to articular capsule

Which pairs describe the range of mobility of most fibrous joints?

immobile, freely mobile

slightly mobile, freely mobile

immobile, slightly mobile

Gomphoses are only found

between the roots and the teeth.

Which is a joint in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue?

syndesmoses

Which is a location of a synchondrosis?

epiphyseal plate

Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber

symphysis

What acts as a shock absorber when synovial joints are moving and pressure in the joint increases?

synovial fluid

Tendons connect ______.

bone to muscle