unit 6 moglo

Imperialism

Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another.

Social Darwinism

Belief that stronger nations/races naturally dominate weaker ones.

Nationalism

Imperial expansion seen as a measure of national strength.

Civilizing Mission

Europeans claimed to spread 'superior' Western civilization.

Religious Motives

Christian missionaries sought to convert indigenous populations.

British in India

Strengthened control over its colony.

Dutch in Indonesia

Shifted from Dutch East India Company to direct government control.

Belgium in the Congo

King Leopold II's brutal rubber industry led to millions of deaths.

France & Britain in Africa

Used warfare and diplomacy to expand.

Settler Colonies

British in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa; French in Algeria.

U.S. & Japan Expansion

U.S. acquired Pacific territories; Japan took Korea and Taiwan.

Opium Wars

British smuggled opium into China to balance trade.

Treaty of Nanking

Britain won; China had to open ports, grant trade privileges.

Taiping Rebellion

Peasant uprising led by Hong Xiuquan (claimed to be Jesus' brother).

Self-Strengthening Movement

Aimed to modernize China by adopting Western tech but failed due to conservative opposition.

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising.

Qing Dynasty Collapse

Years of internal rebellion, foreign dominance, and failed modernization efforts led to its fall.

Push Factors

Economic: Poverty, unemployment; Environmental: Famine, drought; Political/Social: Persecution, war.

Pull Factors

Economic: Job opportunities in industrial cities; Political/Social: Greater freedoms, stability.

Voluntary Migration

Many moved for work (e.g., Indian & Chinese laborers).

Forced Migration

Slavery, indentured servitude, convict labor.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned Chinese labor immigration (1882, U.S.).

White Australia Policy

Restricted non-European immigration (1901).

Social Impact of Migration

Gender roles changed (women took on more responsibilities at home); Increased racial discrimination against immigrants.