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Copper wire is sized according to
The AWG standard
AWG stands for
American Wire Gauge
Wires may be ______ or have a
stranded or have a single strand
Size No ___ and above are must be
8 and above must be stranded
Size of wire used depends on
maximum current to be carred
Conductor sizes typically used in residential wiring
14, 12, 10
What size wires are typically found in raceways and why
#10
flexibility and ease of handling and pulling
The CEC states that the minimum size for house wiring to be used is
No 14
Unit of diameter of conductors
mil
1 mil is
1/1000 (0.001) in
AWG sizes having <15 A protection
20, 18, 16
AWG size(s )with 15 A
14 AWG
Size with 20 A protection
12 AWG
AWG size with 30 A protection
10 AWG
AWG size with 40 A protection
8 AWG
AWG size with 50 A protection
6 AWG
AWG size with 70 A protection
4 AWG
AWG size with 100 and greater A protection
3 AWG And larger
20 AWG uses
phone wiring
18 AWG uses
low-voltage
thermostats, chimes, security, RC, home automation
16 AWG uses
same as 18 AWG
good for long runs
14 AWG uses
lighting and receptacle branch circuits
12 AWG uses
small appliance branch circuits
laundry receptacles
bathroom/workshop receptacles
some water heaters
10 AWG uses
clothes dryers
built-in ovens
cooktops
central air
some water heaters
some heat pumps
8 AWG used for
ranges
ovens
heat pumps
large clothes dryers
large central air
heat pumps
6 AWG used for
electric ranges
furnaces
heat pumps
4 AWG used for
furnaces
feeders to subpanels
3 AWG and larger used for
main service-entrance
feeders to subpanels
furnaces
Ampacity
maximum current a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating
Ampacity value depends on
cross-sectional area
Al vs Cu
type of insulation
Al or Cu has better conductivity
Cu
Al resistivity compared to Cu
Al has 1.6x resistivity
Al or Cu creates a bigger voltage drop
Aluminum
Al most commonly used for
feeders and utility distribution systems
Dry location
location not normally subjected to dampness or wetness
may be temporarily subject to damp or wet conditions
Damp location
protected from weather and not subject to saturation with water or other liquids but subject to moderate degrees of wetness
Wet location
underground or in concrete slabs or masonry in direct contact with the earth
subject to saturation with water or other liquids
Which type of NMSC can be used for category 1 concealed wiring
NMW and NMWU can
Which type of NMSC can be used for wet and direct burial locations
NMWU
Which NMSC insulation is fungus and corrosion resistant
NMW and NMWU are
What is the weakest point in the conductive path that the installer is responsible for
wire connectors
Crimp connectors used to
splice and terminate #20-500kcmil Al-Al, Cu-Al, Cu-Cu
Wire Nut, wing nut, twisters, scotchlok connectors
connect wires in combinations of 18-6 AWG
Solderless connectors
sizes 4-500kcmil
used for one solid or one stranded conductor only
Compression connectors
used for #8 AWG-100kcmil
wire inserted into the end then crimped on with a tool
Split-bold connectors
connecting 2 conductors
taping one conductor to another
#10-1000kcmil
two solid and/or two stranded conductors only
Problems with aluminum connections
corrosion
oxidation
expansion and contraction
Expansion and contraction is referred to as
creep or cold flow
Two devices that can ONLY be used with Cu (not Cu-clad aluminum) when there are no markings on terminal or connector
30-amp or greater switch/receptacles
Wire connectors
Allowed voltage drop for feeders and branch circuits
3%
Allowed overall voltage drop
5%
Distance between a box and the first strap or stapling
300mm
Max distance between straps and stapling
1.5m
NMSC must extend at least
6mm into box
Inner edge bend radius of NMSC cable must not be less than
6x diameter of the cable
Cable must be protected if it is less than how many meters above ground
less than 1.5 m above ground must be protected
3 types of armoured cable
AC90
ACWU90
TECK90
Which types of armoured cable can be used at below service grade entry
ACWU90
TECK90
After cutting armoured cable, what must be done to protect the conductors from the metal edges
anti-shorts need to be placed at the cut end
When NMSC are bundled for distances over how many mm a correction factor must be used
over 600mm
When a distance of at least 32mm from edge of framing member cannot be maintained
use a face plate to protect the cable